How Is Marxism Portrayed in Animal Farm by George...

How is Marxism portrayed throughout ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell? The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in his work, as contextually in 1945, communism was a ‘taboo’ subject, punishable in post-war America by arrest and even death. It is clear from the political references in ‘Animal Farm’, that Orwell considered Russia, and consequently communism as a†¦show more content†¦In this way, Orwell portrays the ways in which the Russian people were influenced by figureheads and ideological saints. ‘Napoleon’, another of Orwell’s characters, portrays the role of the Soviet leader, Joseph St alin – ‘Man of Steel’. The novel identifies Stalin’s ambition to lead and control the masses, winning over his more intelligent and influential counterpart, Leon Trotsky, who is represented by ‘Snowball’. ‘Napoleon’ also identifies himself with the French military leader Napoleon Bonaparte, whom Orwell considered to be a repressive power seeker and dictator. The resemblance of some of the novel’s events to events in Soviet history is indubitable. For example, Snowball’s and Napoleon’s power struggle is a direct allegory of Trotsky’s and Stalin’s. Frederick’s trade agreement with Napoleon, and his subsequent breaking of the agreement, represents the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact that preceded World War II. The Battle of the Windmill represents World War II itself. The fact that Orwell’s characters reflect so obviously the figureheads in Soviet Russia is paramount to the effect of its dramatic and satirical critique. The purpose of satire is to point out or illustrate societal flaws by mocking them or highlighting their absurdity. So the outcome of satire can be the change of those behaviours. Animal Farm was published on the heels of World War II, in England in 1945 and in the United States in 1946.Show MoreRelatedAnimals Take Over in Animal Farm by George Orwell1370 Words   |  6 Page sIn the novel â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, the animals take over the farm and develop their own independent society. Just as it happened during the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell underlies the tension between the oppressed and the exploiting classes between the condescending ideals and harsh realities of socialism. During the course of the literary piece by George Orwell makes it clear how the animals are mistreated by â€Å"Mr. Jones â€Å", because of this treatment they are receiving; OldRead MoreOrwell s Animal Farm As A Critique Of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation And How Tyranny Operates1475 Words   |  6 PagesConnection: George Orwell’s Animal Farm as a critique of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation and How Tyranny Operates Literature is said to be the mirror of a society and one of the major functions of it has been to make people aware of their surroundings as well as themselves. While many writers of today might digress from the true purpose of writing, the classics have always held a special place in what may be called as the awakening of the individuals. In this context, George Orwell’s Animal Farm- A FairyRead MoreMarxist Criticism Is Always Concerned with the Class Struggle in History.1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society. Thus the reason I chose to study George Orwells Animal Farm is because its characters share (originally) this same ambition. Animal Farm represents the oppressed masses rising up and forming a classless society of their own. While offering a critique of communism in general, the book also serves to act as a mirror of Soviet Russia under Stalin. As reflected throughout the text, it was no secret Orwell considered Russia, and consequently

WILKINSON Surname Meaning and Family History

The Wilkinson surname is a patronymic meaning son of Wilkin, from Wilkin, a diminutive for William from the Germanic name Wilhelm, which in turn derives from the elements wil, meaning will or desire, and helm, or helmet or protection. Wilkinson is just one of many surnames derived from William, or son of William. Wilkinson is the 72nd most common English surname. Surname Origin:  English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  WILKENSON, WILKERSON, WILKINS, MCQUILKIN, MCQUILKEN, MCQUILKAN, MACQUILKIN, MACQUILKEN, MACQUILKAN Famous People with the WILKINSON Surname Signe Wilkinson  -  Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoonistTom Wilkinson  - Popular British character actorMark Wilkinson  - English furniture designerSir Geoffrey Wilkinson  -  won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1973John Gardner Wilkinson - one of the founders of EgyptologyJane Wilkinson Long -  considered the Mother of Texas for giving birth to the first child of European descent in Texas Where is the WILKINSON  Surname Most Common? Surname distribution information from  Forebears, tells us that the Wilkinson surname is most prevalent in England, particularly in the northern half of England.  Data from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  supports this, demonstrating that Wilkinson is most prevalent in the North region of England, followed by Yorkshire and Humberside, North West and East Midlands. Wilkinson is also more common in Tyrone in Northern Ireland, as well as throughout Australia and New Zealand. Genealogy Resources for the Surname WILKINSON Wilkinson Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Wilkinson family crest or coat of arms for the Wilkinson surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. WILKINSON DNA ProjectMore than 130 members have joined this project for the Wilkinson surname to  work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information. WILKINSON Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Wilkinson ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Wilkinson ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - WILKINSON  GenealogyExplore over 6  million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Wilkinson surname and variants on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Wilkinson RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Wilkinson surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. Ancestry.com: Wilkinson SurnameExplore over 5  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Wilkinson surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com. ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Rankings of Presidents Based on Domestic Policy and...

Ranking by Domestic Policy Rank President Explanation 1 Lyndon B. Johnson During Johnson’s presidency, the federal government significantly extended its domestic responsibilities in attempt to transform the nation to what Johnson called the â€Å"Great Society,† in which poverty and racial intolerance ceased to exist. A previously unsurpassed amount of legislation was passed during this time; numerous laws were passed to protect the environment, keep consumers safe, reduce unfairness in education, improve housing in urban areas, provide more assistance to the elderly with health care, and other policies to improve welfare. Johnson called for a â€Å"War on Poverty,† and directed more funds to help the poor; government spending towards the poor†¦show more content†¦4 John F. Kennedy Kennedy called his new legislation program the â€Å"New Frontier,† with which he planned to promote educational support, aid to health care, redevelopment in cities and civil rights. However, he wasn’t able to keep many of these promises; Congress refused the pass most of his proposals, including a medical plan for the elderly, tax reductions, and more civil rights. He concentrated on promoting present civil rights, sometimes dispatching troops to enforce racial integration in schools. Although action to improve civil rights and health care wasn’t very successful, Kennedy still managed to improve the economy (e.g. Increasing minimum wage) and negotiate a limited ban on nuclear testing. 5 Ronald W. Reagan Reagan really focused on improving the economy during his presidency, with a plan he called Reaganomics, or supply side economics. The main parts of this plan were cuts on taxes and budgets, and monetary policy. Also, he wanted to reduce government regulation on businesses. He thought that these and increasing defense expenditures would heighten economic efficiency. Reagan managed to cut taxes by twenty five percent in three years. However, the plans did not work out at first, causing a recession that some call â€Å"The Great Inflation.† The national debt heightened substantially, and the rate of unemployment reached up to eleven percent. Despite these negative outcomes, the economy experienced a sudden growth and prosperity in 1983, which wasShow MoreRelatedAsylum Seekers Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesand towards a perception of an Australia less interdependent with Asia, emphasizing Western liberal democratic ties (Jones and Benvenuti 2006: 111). East Ti mor had reinforced the Indonesian perception that Australia had an arrogant neo-colonial foreign policy (Day 2015: 675). Yet, the burgeoning democracy following the fall of Suharto in 1999 gave the opportunity for better dialogue (Robert and Hadir 2015: 197). The 2001 Tampa affair became a stumbling block, as Howard publically criticized Indonesia’sRead MoreThe National Security Act Of 1947 Centralized Command And Promoted Intelligence Sharing Between Institutions1591 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween institutions by establishing a Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Director of Central Intelligence, and NSC. The President, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of the Air Force, and Chairman of the National Security Resources Board composed the original statutory members of the NSC. The President was also authorized to designate other specified officials to the NSC. The NSC staff, which is separate from †Å"the Council,† comprisesRead MoreTennessee Chief Justice Of The United States1511 Words   |  7 Pagesman-one vote’ rule in voting districts. Warren’s dedication in desegregation showed how he succeeded in keeping all segregation cases unanimous. Warren, appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson, headed a panel known as the Warren Commission to investigate President Kennedy’s assassination. Furthermore, Warren, during his time in Court, nationalized the Bill of Rights to all states. Moreover, Warren and his Court in the landmark case of Griswold v. Connecticut, established and protected the right to privacyRead MoreReforming the NSA to Restore U.S. Credibility922 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction On June 6, 2013, The Guardian published a story about the National Security Agencys (NSA) secret Internet surveillance program, PRISM (Greenwald and MacAskill 2013). The story was based on documents leaked by one of the most successful whistle-blowers in American history, former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. The documents that Snowden has released up to this time have shown the NSA to be heavily engaged in the collection of personal Internet activity, bulk collection of telephoneRead MoreIr A Second Largest Gas Producer On The World With Gas Production Of 360 Billion Cubic Meters /1216 Words   |  5 Pages In spite of Iran’s advantages, attracting foreign investments will still have its difficulties and challenges. Some investors’ criticisms are directed towards Iran s weak attempts at market liberalization, and the seemingly inherent Iranian political thought that is hostile to the very idea of foreign engagement that causes a serious strain in the stakeholders’ relations with each other. Although Iran has attempted to transition to a market-based economy, its efforts have largely failed. IranRead MoreThe Potential Of Foreign Corporations ( Mncs )1520 Words   |  7 PagesSince the collapse of the Soviet Union and the onset of the â€Å"third wave† of democracy, spreading across former communist regimes, foreign direct investment (FDI) has skyrocketed to unprecedented levels. It seems now as if though engaging in foreign direct investment outweighs establishing trade relations (dependent on the formal and informal trade barriers and economies of scale). Many countries have benefited drastically to the increased investment into their economies and their labour populationRead MoreThe Political Structure Of Singapore1652 Words   |  7 PagesDESCRIBE THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE A. Type The Sovereign Republic of Singapore, an island country located in the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia has a parliamentary government with a legal system based on the English common law. The President Tony Tan Keng Yam is the chief of state and the Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong is the head of the government. Singapore adopted its constitution in 1965, which exercises the concept of original jurisdiction. This means cases can be presentedRead MoreRonald Reagans Domestic and Foreign Affairs Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesReagans Domestic and Foreign Affairs. The reason that I choose this topic was because I have always been personally interested in Ronald Reagans time in office and the national crisis he had to deal with. Reagan was awesome when it came to foreign policy because he knew how to negotiate with foreign leaders and their countries to get what he wanted. There were several instances during his time in office that he had the chance to use his abilit y to get the country out of danger. Domestic AffairsRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Global Business Environment And The Expected Future Trends1493 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary Competitiveness of a country is defined as the set of institutions, policies and factors that contribute to the level of productivity (World Economic Forum, 2015). Numerous empirical evidences show that productivity is the most fundamental element in explaining the level of prosperity of companies and Americans. So the United States is competitive to the extent that corporations operating in this country are able to achieve success in the global economy while supporting increasingRead MorePresidents Of The United States1953 Words   |  8 Pages The early presidents had an important role in shaping position of the president of America and set good examples for the future presidents to follow. Despite how underdeveloped the country was, the early presidents set great precedents, such as the two terms in office, foreign relations, and determining the power of the federal government and the judicial branch. Although the presidents in the 19th century each had an important role in histo ry during their terms in office, their success as the leader

Why Iq Tests Be Considered Biased Measures Of Intelligence

1. Why might IQ tests be considered biased measures of intelligence? (5 points) a. IQ tests can be considered biased measures of intelligence, as there are many factors that have to deal with it. Even though IQ test are total fairness it all depends on a person’s social interaction rate. For example, if a test taker comes from a third world country where education is not available vs. a test taker here the scores will range. Bias is present when a test score has implications that relevant showing the portrayal of the subgroup of test takers. It often has to do with social viewpoint and knowledge about the world. 2. What is the relationship between primary, secondary, and tertiary regions of the cortex in information processing? (5 points) a. The relationship between primary, secondary, and tertiary regions of the cortex in information processing is that they are more directly involved with each other than others with sensory or motor processing. The primary cortex receives information from the peripheral receptors, which then travels to surrounding primary areas known as secondary and tertiary regions of the cortex where incoming information is integrated. 3. You are working with a squid giant axon with a resting potential of -70mV. What would the voltage change look like if (a) the axon is bathed in tetrodotoxin, and (b) the axon is bathed in TEA? In both cases, supra-threshold current is applied to the axon, enough to cause an action potential in a seawater onlyShow MoreRelatedIQ Tests are Not an Accurate Measure of a Persons Intelligence886 Words   |  4 PagesIQ tests are not an accurate measure of a persons intelligence. I will be analyzing the reasons why I think that IQ tests are not an accurate measure of the intelligence. These reasons will be accompanied with solid proven facts that will discount the accuracy that is falsely considered to be a part of IQ tests. Today IQ tests are a part of many instances where intelligence is being judged. Not an accurate measure The test that has today evolved as the IQ test wasRead MoreIq Tests And The Iq Test Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem solving ability, usually representing the person s score on an intelligence test which consists of several IQ standardized tests. Intelligence quotient term is given by William Stern. Two of the most widely recognized are the Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scales and the Wechsler tests. There are varies online questionnaires IQ tests. They are only for entertainment like IQ-test.cc etc. Alfred Binet and the First IQ Test In early 1900s, the French government asked psychologist Alfred BinetRead MoreMeasuring Student Intelligence : Measuring Students Intelligence Tests2124 Words   |  9 PagesMeasuring student intelligence has been problematic since it began in the early 1900’s. The use of intelligence tests has created debate over where or not tests are biased. Alfred Binet helped develop the first intelligence tests in the early 1900’s in France. The tests were developed to help determine which students were the most likely to experience difficulty in school. Schools wanted to identify the children who needed specialized assistance in school because the new French law required thatRead MoreIntelligence Quotient Test Essay1814 Words   |  8 PagesWhat does intelligence really mean? Is it the one who can memorize a book the best? Or is it the one that can fix a car? Intelligence means more than people realize. What people fail to realize is that intelligence is in measurements are not confined to be judged through a school. Just because a person does not graduate from a university or a college, it does not mean that they are of low intelligence. Of course the people who graduate top of their class are more likely to be intelligent there areRead MoreIq Tests Are Useful? Iq Test? Essay1965 Words   |  8 Pages IQ tests are useful? IQ tests can be so useful in these situations because good IQ tests have a predictive capacity. That means that the IQ is related to later successes in school, professional success, leadership qualities and creativity. The general rule is that the higher your IQ, the better you will perform in school and in your career. Thus based on your IQ better choices can be made regarding your future. How IQ Testing Is Performed? IQ tests are typically written exams or may be orally. Read MoreRacial Difference in Intelligence Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesRacial Difference in Intelligence Is There a Racial Difference in Intelligence? Starting with birth, most Americans are consistently measured and their abilities consistently assessed. While no clear definition of intelligence has been adopted universally, in general, definitions stress either an ability to adapt to environment, the capacity to learn, or the ability to think abstractly. Like the word love, intelligence remains a term we all have a feel for but cannot quite pinRead MoreEssay on Overview of Learning1667 Words   |  7 Pagescommon understanding on how to measure one’s intellectual abilities. Two important factors come into play when discussing one’s intelligence: one that Bell Hooks talks about which is background and one that Howard Gardner studies which is intelligence. Two tests made to test one’s intellectual abilities are IQ tests and SAT test. These test one’s linguistic intelligence and one’s logical-mathematical intelligence. So I raise the question: is that the only kind of intelligence we as students posses? AndRead MoreAdvances in Artificial Intelligence Essay2696 Words   |  11 PagesAdvances in Artificial Intelligence With advances in technology many researchers have become captivated with the pursuit of Artificial Intelligence. Numerous fields of study have tried to contribute their knowledge in order to create intelligence. However, years of research have thus far been unable to create human intelligence. The endeavour seems doomed to fail, for a century of thought which has tried to simply define intelligence has yet to succeed. This lack of a concrete tangible definitionRead MoreEssay on Psychology: Intelligence and Classical Conditioning2281 Words   |  10 Pagesher? -Distinguishing the colors of a traffic light. 6) Long-distance runners sometimes report a natural high and a reduction in pain sensitivity associated with the release of?- endorphins. 7) The definition of psychology is generally considered to be?- the understanding of behavior and mental processes. 8) Which part of the eye controls the amount of light that enters the eye?- pupil 9) The hook-swinging ritual of rural India?- demonstrates a cross-cultural difference inRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14082 Words   |  57 Pagesof written and spoken prose are regarded as similar at all ages but present to a lesser and greater extend. This is illustrated in tasks given by Robert Kail to a group of 7-22 year olds – a mental addition task and a visual search task. In all tests, processing time tasks decreased with age. 2. One or many Cross-cultural research found that different cultures select different tasks for children’s learning and social interaction surrounding these tasks differ. This leads to the development

An Act of Kindness Free Essays

Helene Cooper 3/27/13 A Teenage Random Act of Kindness As a teenager not many held much hope for my future. I was constantly in trouble cutting school, fighting, drinking alcohol and just had an outright horrible attitude towards anyone that attempted to set me straight. There were many reasons behind my anger that this paper doesn’t warrant going very deep into. We will write a custom essay sample on An Act of Kindness or any similar topic only for you Order Now I knew right from wrong and I also knew that I wasn’t a â€Å"bad† person. That being said, I found myself suspended from school for 20 days after a fairly brutal fight. Being that my suspension was so long I was required to attend the Option Center in Lawrenceville for my core classes. My mornings now required me to take a bus from Mt. Washington to Downtown and another to Lawrenceville. My afternoons just worked in reverse. My father (who I hadn’t lived with since the age of three) now caring for me, gave me money to get lunch on a daily basis. After my second day was over and I arrived Downtown, I was entering McDonald’s when I noticed an old homeless man sitting with his dog. What made him seem so different to me from the other homeless people that I had encountered was that he looked happy. This both caught my curiosity as well as confused me. A man so seemingly content with having what I thought was nothing. The third day was the same. The same the elderly man covered in dirt with his little dog with matted hair that matched his masters, sitting in the sun taking in the warmth. As I exited McDonald’s I handed the man my lunch. He accepted it with gratuity on his face and I continued my walk to my next bus stop. After walking about a half of a block I heard a raspy voice yell â€Å"Hey! † I turned to find the old man walking very fast after me with his dog in hand and holding the food and drink I had just given him. Being a fifteen year old girl, alone Downtown, I was a little startled to say the least. I began walking faster toward my destination when the man caught up to me. The man, very winded at this point, had one simple question for me. â€Å"Is†¦ this†¦pop†¦diet? † I looked at him confused when he went on to explain that he was diabetic. At this point I felt both a little bad and silly at the same time for making this poor man run after me for such an innocent question. The pop was not, in fact, diet. He thanked me and handed it back to me. I saw this man, whose name was Charlie, every day during my suspension and every day I gave him my lunch, always making sure the pop was diet. How to cite An Act of Kindness, Essay examples

Benefit Tax Liability of ABC Pty. Ltd.

Question: Discuss about the Benefit Tax Liability of ABC Pty. Ltd. Answer: The Fringe Tax Benefit Tax Liability of ABC Pty. Ltd. for its employee Alan, is calculated in the following table (Ato.gov.au. 2016):- In the Books of ABC Ltd. Calculation of Fringe Benefit Tax Liability as on 31.03.2015 GST Inclusive GST Free Particulars Amount Amount $ $ Payment of Phone Bill 2640 Payment of School fees of Employee's Children 20000 Dinner at Restaurant 330 Providing Mobile Phone 2000 Total of GST Inclusive/Free Benefits 4970 20000 A B Gross-up Rate 2.1463 1.9608 C D Gross-up Value 10667.11 39216 E = A x C F=B X D Total Taxable Fringe Benefit 49883.11 G = E + F Less : Exemption for Mobile Phone at gross-up value 4292.60 ($2000 x 2.1463) H Net Taxable Fringe Benefit 45590.51 I = G - H Fringe Benefit Tax Rate 49% J Fringe Benefit Tax Liability 22339.35 K = I x J The important factors, considered for the calculation of FBT liability of ABC Ltd., are mentioned below:- Salary of Alan is not considered in the calculation, as it is not subject to FBT (Delany 2012). Payment of the mobile phone bill of employee is an expense payment fringe benefit, which is paid by employer to the third party on behalf of the employee. The monthly amount is less than $300, but annually it amounts to $2640 and therefore, considered for FBT (Soled and Thomas 2015). Payment of the school fees of employees children is also an expense payment fringe benefit and included in the taxable value for FBT (Martocchio 2013). The mobile phone provided to the employee is a work-related item, which should be exempt from FBT. However, the cost of the phone is included for deriving the total value of GST inclusive items. Later, the amount of the phone at gross-up value is exempted from the total taxable value of FBT (Kaplan and Price 2014). Expenses incurred for the dinner, arranged for all the employees, is a type of Entertainment Benefits. It must be noted that the employer may apply for reduction under the otherwise deductible rule but only for the amount, attributable to the employees, not for their family members or associates. In this case, as the exact cost for the employee cannot be ascertained, no reduction is made for such benefit (Shields and North-Samardzic 2015). After summarizing all the GST inclusive and GST free benefits, provided to the employee, the individual values for each type of benefits are multiplied by the gross-up rate, applicable for GST inclusive benefit and GST-free benefit (Woellner et al. 2012). The total amount is to be considered as Total Taxable Value of FBT. It is further deducted by the amount of exemptions to ascertain the net taxable value of FBT (Bender et al. 2013). The net taxable value of FBT is then charged with the applicable FBT Rate, which is presently 49%, to determine the Total Fringe Benefit Tax Liability of the employer for the individual employee (Jones 2015). As per the above mentioned process and assumptions, the FBT liability of ABC Ltrd. For the employee, Alan has resulted to $22339.35 for the year ending on 31st March,2015. If the dinner party included 5 employees and the total cost of dinner remained same, then the dinner cost per employee would be $1320. In that case, the FBT Liability would increase proportionately and resulted to $23380.52. The calculation for the alternative FBT liability is shown below (Ato.gov.au. 2016):- In the Books of ABC Ltd. Calculation of Alternative Fringe Benefit Tax Liability as on 31.03.2015 GST Inclusive GST Free Particulars Amount Amount $ $ Payment of Phone Bill 2640 Payment of School fees of Employee's Children 20000 Dinner at Restaurant 1320 Providing Mobile Phone 2000 Total of GST Inclusive/Free Benefits 5960 20000 A B Gross-up Rate 2.1463 1.9608 C D Gross-up Value 12791.95 39216 E = A x C F=B X D Total Taxable Fringe Benefit 52007.95 G = E + F Less : Exemption for Mobile Phone at gross-up value 4292.60 ($2000 x 2.1463) H Net Taxable Fringe Benefit 47715.35 I = G - H Fringe Benefit Tax Rate 49% J Alternative Fringe Benefit Tax Liability 23380.52 K = I x J However, if the per head dinner cost, attributable to each employee would remain unchanged, which is $330, and the total cost of dinner would decrease accordingly, the alternative FBT liability will be same as the actual FBT Liability. If the clients would also included in the dinner, the cost for employees would be considered only for FBT liability. The company would not enjoy any tax benefits for the entertainment cost of the clients (James et al. 2013). According to the Taxation Law, any assets can be depreciated under the two depreciation methods Straight Line Method and Declining Method (Rimmer et al. 2014). In this case, as there is no such specific method is mentioned, both the mehods are apllied to describe the tax consequences of the case event. Moreover, in absence of any certain GST rate, 1/11 part of the purchase and sales prices are considered as the amount of GST, included in the price. The rate and amount of depreciation is calculated in the following table:- Calculation for Depreciation Rate and Amount Particulars Amount Purchase Price of Machine 1100000 Less : Amount of GST included in the price 100000 Net cost excluding GST 1000000 Estimated Life (Years) 10 Depreciation Rate (%) 10 Depreciation Amount ($) 100000 Consequences under Straight Line Method:- Under Straight Line Depreciation Method, the assets are depreciated by fixed depreciation per annum. For this case, the amount of such fixed annual depreciation is amounted to $100000. The depreciated values in the end of each year are shown below (Ato.gov.au, 2016):- Calculation of Closing Value under Straight Line Method:- Year Opening Balance excl. GST Depreciation Amount p.a. Period Depreciation charged Closing Balance (months) 31-12-2010 1000000 100000 12 100000 900000 31-12-2011 900000 100000 12 100000 800000 31-12-2012 800000 100000 12 100000 700000 31-12-2013 700000 100000 12 100000 600000 Estimation of Capital Gain/Loss on Sale Particulars Amount Sale of Old Machinery 330000 Less: GST included 30000 Net Sale Price exclg. GST 300000 Less : Depreciated Value of the Machine as on 1/01/14 600000 Capital Loss on Sale -300000 As per the table, the net value of the machine on 1st January,2014 is $600000. On the basis of the net value, the capital gain or loss, generated by the sale of the machine is shown in the following table:- Hence, if the machine would be depreciated under straight-line method, the amount of taxable capital loss on sale would be $300000. Consequences under Declining Depreciation Method:- When any asset is depreciated under Declining Depreciation Method, the depreciation amount is calculated by charging a fixed rate of depreciation on the opening balance of the asset for that period. The rate od depreciation in this case is 10% p.a. The detailed calculation of the depreciation for the machine, purchased by the company is as follows (Ato.gov.au, 2016):- Calculation of Closing Value under Declining Method:- Year Opening Balance excl. GST Depreciation Rate p.a. Period Depreciation charged Closing Balance (months) 31-12-2010 1000000 10% 12 100000 900000 31-12-2011 900000 10% 12 90000 810000 31-12-2012 810000 10% 12 81000 729000 31-12-2013 729000 10% 12 72900 656100 As per the declining method, the value of the machine on 1st January,2016 would be $656100. Therefore, the capital gain/loss for the sale of the machine would be:- Estimation of Capital Loss on Sale Particulars Amount Sale of Old Machinery 330000 Less: GST included 30000 Net Sale Price exclg. GST 300000 Less : Depreciated Value of the Machine as on 1/01/14 656100 Capital Loss on Sale -356100 Under declining depreciation method, the company would also generate loss on sale, but the amount of loss would be higher than that under straight-line method. Net GST Credits:- The net GST credit of the company, generated by the purchase of old machinery and sale of new one will be same irrespective of the methods (Ramli et al. 2015). The amount of net GST credit, which the company can claim in the current financial year, is shown below:- Estimation of Net GST Credit Particulars Amount Amount Purchase of Machinery 2200000 Output GST 200000 Sale of Old Machinery 330000 Input GST 30000 Net GST Credits 170000 If the company had not claimed the GST credit for the purchase of old machinery earlier, it can claim it now also, as the taxation rules provide the opportunity to claim such GST within the four years of purchase of the assets. Then, the amount of Net GST credits would be increased by $100000 (Ato.gov.au, 2016). Reference List:- Ato.gov.au. (2016).Claiming GST credits | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/business/gst/claiming-gst-credits/ [Accessed 27 May 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Fringe benefits tax (FBT) | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Fringe-benefits-tax-(FBT)/ [Accessed 27 May 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Prime cost (straight line) and diminishing value methods | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Depreciation-and-capital-expenses-and-allowances/General-depreciation-rules---capital-allowances/Prime-cost-(straight-line)-and-diminishing-value-methods/ [Accessed 27 May 2016]. Bender, M., Contacos-Sawyer, J. and Thomas, B., 2013, July. Benefits Strategies for Attracting and Retaining Employees. InCompetition Forum(Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 165). American Society for Competitiveness Delany, T.P., 2012. Fringe benefits tax James, S., Wallschutzky, I. and Alley, C., 2013. The Henry Report and the taxation of work related expenses: Principles versus practice Jones, S., 2015. 'Cost-to-company'explained: tax planning.Tax Breaks Newsletter, (349), pp.6-7 Kaplan, R.L. and Price, D.J., 2014. Change and Continuity in Fringe Benefit Taxation: Seeking Sense and Sensibility.NYL Sch. L. Rev.,59, p.281 Martocchio, J., 2013.Employee benefits. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Ramli, R., Palil, M.R., Hassan, N.S.A. and Mustapha, A.F., 2015. Compliance costs of goods and services tax (GST) among small and medium enterprises.Jurnal Pengurusan,45, pp.1-15 Rimmer, X., Smith, J. and Wende, S., 2014. The incidence of company tax in Australia Shields, J. and North-Samardzic, A., 2015. 10 Employee benefits.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies, p.218 Soled, J.A. and Thomas, K.D., 2015. Revisiting the Taxation of Fringe Benefits.Washington Law Review, Forthcoming Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2012.Australian taxation law. CCH Australia

Economic Globalism and the new regionalism - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the EconomicGlobalism and the new regionalism. Answer: Introduction It is to be stated that the economy of all the countries of the world has become connected and integrated in the modern time. This process started in the early 80s and it has been continuing till date. It is due to this reason that the transportation costs have reduced drastically and the capital flow to all countries of the world have increased due to Foreign Direct investment (Stromquist Monkman, 2014). This process of becoming connected to all the countries of the world has been termed as globalization. Globalization remains till date a popular yet controversial issue which has been defined loosely. The main concerns which have arisen due to globalization are its impacts on income distribution and employment terms. It can be said that globalization has had more significant impacts on income distribution and employment terms in developed countries compared to developing countries (Stromquist Monkman, 2014). The impacts of globalization on developing countries has been subjected t o a lot of debate Project Objective To understand the socio-economic benefits and impacts of globalisation on developing countries To investigate the outcome of developing countries exposing themselves to globalisation To evaluate the effect of globalisation on the income distribution between the developed and developing countries Project Scope This research will talk shed light on the socio economic impact of globalization in developing countries. It will also allow future researchers to conduct researches based on the findings f this research. Literature Review It is to be mentioned that foreign direct investment has increased significantly in service and manufacturing sector. As opined by Obstfeld (2015), the impacts of globalisation are different on different countries of the world. It has potentially impacted the developed countries more than the developing ones. With the advent and advancement of technology cross border trade between developed and developing countries has increased significantly. Globalisation has resulted in the increase in wealth in developed countries. However according to Cavusgil et al. (2014) in developing countries globalisation has caused significant reduction of poverty. The best example of the positive effect of globalisation is the increased economic growth of the developing countries in Asia which has in turn reduced the margin of income distribution between developing and developed countries. However, despite having positive effect globalisation has still not impacted many developing countries where poverty has remained unaffected by the globalisation (Pieterse, 2015). It is to be mentioned that cities are receiving more benefits than rural areas due to globalization. It has been observed that people in the developing countries of Tanzania,Uganda and Kenya have come up with integrated telephone payment transaction method called M- payment. They are using it to transfer money from the people in urban areas to the people residing in the rural areas . The income gap between the between the developed and developing countries has increased following some serious financial problems faced by a large number of countries of the world. It has been noted that ninety percent of the financial transactions of the world were done by only 25 countries of the world. The globalised capital shared by low income developing countries account for less than one percent of the total transactions done worldwide (Dreher, 2006). Therefore it can be mentioned that Globalisation has had positive impacts on only a few of the countries of the world. The socio-economic impact of Globalisation on a developing country was observed by a study to assess the impact of Globalisation on the fields such as trade and economic process, health and education system. The study also shed light on the impact of globalisation on the culture of a country. It is to be mentioned that World Bank is supporting the developing countries carry on trade in international markets by granting loans to such countries. The developed countries are also providing financial assistance to the developing and underdeveloped countries (Bodislav, 2015). It is to be mentioned that globalisation has reduced the chances of war in the modern era as all countries share their resources and wealth. People and materials are transported across borders which have in turn resulted in creating good relationships between the countries. However, it can be stated that there are some negative impacts of globalisation on the world. The developed countries are being able to open up mo re factories and employ more people from developing and underdeveloped countries due to the low wage rates and low cost of raw materials. This in turn increases pollution and also leads to unequal wealth creation. However, it creates more job opportunities for people (Thirwall, 2003). Health and education system- Health and education are closely related to each other and they are the fundamental elements which are essential for the growth and development of a country. It can be mentioned that globalization has had positive impacts on health and educations systems in developing countries. Due to globalization there is an all time high demand of skilled workforce. Such demand cannot be met without improvement in the educations system. People are therefore acquiring higher education to keep up with the demand. This in turn improves the standard of living and life expectancy of people in developing countries. It is to be mentioned that with the increased economic development government of developing countries are able to allocate more budget for health and education system. The life expectancy of people has drastically increased to 60 years which is almost twice of what it was 100 years ago (Meraj, 2013). Globalization has enabled doctors to identify new diseases and discover mediation for such diseases. It is because of globalization that international organizations like World health organization (WHO) and UNESCO are developing steps to increase the literacy rate and eliminate dangerous diseases from countries. However, it can be mentioned that one of the major negative impacts of Globalization is spreading of diseases with the migration of people from different countries all over the world. Highly educated and skilled professionals are moving to developed countries for better life style and higher wages which has reduced skilled workforce in developing countries. (Morita, 2015). Cultural Effect- It is to be mentioned that globalization has both good and bad effects on the culture of developing countries. The culture of many developed countries has been imposed on developing nations. People of such developing countries have inculcated the cultures of the developed nations and have discarded their own culture mainly due to the patronizing attitude of people and their colonial heritages. However, it can be said that without globalization people would have never been able to know about the different types of cultures existing in the world. It can be said that without the advent and advancement in technology it would never been possible to be updated about what is happening all over the world. Globalization has also influenced the consumer behavior of the people in a way that it has become impossible to differentiate between them except for their native language (Ray, 2012). It is to be mentioned that there two issues which are required to be evaluated to understand globalisations impact on income distribution. The first issue is the impact of globalisation income distribution. The second issue is the assessment of whether income distribution is a useful measure of economic development. According to the investigation conducted by the IMF on the 42 countries which house majority of the world population it can be said that a drastic rise in the per capita production level has been witnessed since globalisation has taken place. Thus it can be said that all the major developing countries of the world has become involved in the process of globalization and the socio economic status of such countries has significantly improved due globalizations influence. However, globalization has some drawbacks. Globalization can be held responsible for destruction of the tradition, cultures and languages of the developing countries. Spreading of dangerous diseases and abuse of drugs has significantly increased over the years due to globalization. Research Questions Primary Question What are the socio economic benefits and impacts of globalisation on developing countries? Secondary Questions What will be the outcome if developing countries choose to open or expose its economy to the process of globalisation? What will be the effect of globalisation on the income distribution between the developed and developing countries? Research hypothesis H0- The socio economic benefit due to globalisation is not based on employability level of the people H1- The socio economic benefit is based on the employability level of the people due to globalisation. Research methodology To conduct the research it is important to proceed with research in an organized and systematic manner. The researcher is required to indentify and explore the different techniques available to the researcher to conduct the research. Research Instrument There are three types of research instruments which are used to conduct researches. They are exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. It can be said that exploratory and explanatory merely explore the research questions and do not provide conclusive solutions (Billig, Waterman, 2014). Therefore the descriptive approach has been adopted to conduct the research in an efficient manner as it will provide a conclusive solution. Data Analysis Process It can be mentioned that the researcher will collect data from primary sources for conducting the research. The researcher will conduct a survey and analyse the results of the survey using the SPSS statistical tool. It will help the researcher to provide recommendation in an organized manner. Sampling There are two types of sampling process required for conducting researches. They are probability and non-probability sampling (Neuman, Robson, 2014). To conduct this research the researcher will use the probability type of sampling as it will provide a definite solution. The researcher will make questionnaires and conduct the survey on hundred people to analyse their views on impact of globalisation on developing countries. Interviewing and questionary design Semi structured interview will be used by the researcher to conduct this research in an efficient manner as it will be instrumental in maintaining a balance between flexibility of an open interview and a structured ethnographic survey (Brinkmann, 2014). Reliability and Validity of Data There are various types of protocols available to ensure validity and reliability of data collected in a research. While conducting this research the researchers will to take measures to ensure data integrity and will also have to take measures to analyse the data strategically to ensure that it is valid and reliable. Research Limitations To conduct this research the researcher has mainly faced the problem of time constrain and shortage of budget. The shortage of time and the budget are the primary limitations. Time Schedule Activity Months 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week 5th Week 6th Week 7th Week Finalizing the topic Collecting data from secondary sources Forming a layout of the research work Conducting Literature review Forming the research plan Selecting appropriate research methodologies Concluding the Study Designing a rough draft Conclusion Thus in conclusion it can be said that after conducting this research it is expected that the results of such research will help identify the positive as well as the negative impacts of globalisation in developing countries. The impact of globalisation is expected to be beneficial to both developing and developed countries as it will create increased employment opportunities and lead to increased wealth creation. 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