Socrates Intentions Were On Athens Better And Show The...

Now I will attempt to explain what Socrates’ intentions were (besides entrapping Meletus) when he was in court or rather what was his goal in during his predicament. In my opinion, I argue that one of Socrates’ goals were to make Athens better and show the flaws of self-claimed wise people while he was on his quest to find someone wiser than he. Another goal I would suggest is that that he wanted to prove that the false beliefs within Athens only harm people and his last goal was to prove to the audience that he believed that what he was doing was truly good and nothing will stop him from doing what he does. To show how Socrates wanted to prove how he attempted to make Athens better I will need to refer to the Apology at 19E. Here he tells the audience that he never charged anyone who wanted to learn from him. Proof of this also arises in the Euthyphro 3E. He was willing to teach, â€Å"without charging a fee but even glad to reward anyone who is willing to listen† (Euthyphro 3E). This reinforces my claim about him wanting to improve society. In the Apology 22A-E he proves to the audience that there are many others in Athens, poets and craftsmen, that are not actually wise and are just spreading false beliefs to others which is a bad thing. And that he continues to pursue to do what he does even though â€Å"[he] acquired much unpopularity, of a kind that is hard to deal with and is a heavy burden† (Apology 23A). When he told the audience this, I suggest that he had to haveShow MoreRelatedA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesmost comprehensive of the grimoires, or handbooks of magic. The attribution to the Andalusian mathematician al-Majriti (or al-Madjriti) (d. ca. 1004-7) is considered pseudo-epigraphic. The Latin translation dates to 1256 and the court of Alphonso the Wise, king of Castille, and exerted a considerable influence on Western magic thereafter. It is said that much of Ficino’s astrological magic de rives from the Picatrix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmaterial from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A.

Gender Politics in the Criminal Justice System Essay

The United States criminal justice system, an outwardly fair organization of integrity and justice, is a perfect example of a seemingly equal situation, which turns out to be anything but for women. The policies imposed in the criminal justice system affect men and women in extremely dissimilar manners. I plan to examine how gender intersects with the understanding of crime and the criminal justice system. Gender plays a significant role in understanding who commits what types of crimes, why they do so, who is most often victimized, and how the criminal justice system responds to these victims and offenders. In order to understand the current state of women and the way in which gender relates to crime and criminal justice, it is first†¦show more content†¦Criminology is the study of crime and is concerned with developing theories on what causes crime, whereas criminal justice focuses more on the processing of victims and offenders. Crime remains a constant problem in every s ociety, no matter how civilized or uncivilized that country may be. Although, the criminal justice system does receive a lot of attention, the attention is focused more on the males in the system rather than the females. Since 1980 the number of women in state and federal prisons has increased at nearly double the rate for men. There are now nearly seven times as many women in state and federal prisons as in 1980, yet there is still a common misconception that the criminal behavior of females is not a serious problem. In fact when I first enrolled in the class I thought there would be a section about gender politics in the criminal justice system because it is an extremely important component in society, and I was disappointed to discover that there was no such section. I feel that this topic is one of importance because the policies and practices of the criminal justice affect all women, directly or indirectly, and is why I chose this subject over the many others. In order to better comprehend the issues in which I will be examining, it is important to have an understanding of the difference between sex and gender, the role and definition of a patriarchal society,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System1736 Words   |  7 PagesGender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System The state of women in the United States criminal justice system, an apparently fair organization of integrity and justice, is a perfect example of a seemingly equal situation, which turns out to be anything but. While the policies imposed in the criminal justice system have an effect on all Americans, they affect men and women in extremely dissimilar manners. By looking at the United States history of females in the criminal justice system,Read MoreEssay on Hate Crimes Against Gays and Lesbians1379 Words   |  6 PagesHate Crimes Against Gays and Lesbians LaReese Nixon Kaplan University CJ490: Research Methods in Criminal Justice Prof: Deborah Barrett August 7, 2012 Abstract Introduction Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons frequently face violence motivated by their sexuality or gender identity. Violence may be executed by the state, as in laws prescribing corporal punishment for homosexual acts, or by individuals engaging in intimidation, mobbing, assault, or lynching. Violence targetedRead MoreDisparity and Discrimination Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesMany different situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differencesRead MoreAnalysis Of Normal Life By Dean Spade1246 Words   |  5 PagesDean Spade and Critical Trans Politics Activist and professor Dean Spade, in his book Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law, condemns current law policies surrounding discrimination and hate crimes against transgender and gender non-conforming populations. Spade proposes a critical trans politics that is superior to the equal rights efforts of gay and lesbian activists up to this point in United States history. Instead of desiring to be included inRead MoreThe Problem Identified:. Every Day People Are Faced With1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Problem Identified: Every day people are faced with images of violence, but few people notice that women are disproportionately affected. Women are frequently victims of gender based violence, â€Å"violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender† (MuJER Guatemala). While gender violence is prominent in much of Latin America, in Guatemala it has become an epidemic with 1-2 women being murdered every day (MuJER Guatemala). Overall, Guatemala has the third highest rate of femicideRead MoreRacial Profiling Is A Necessary Evil1100 Words   |  5 Pagesbased on a race The definition the dictionary puts forth for profiling is â€Å"the act of suspecting or targeting a person solely on the basis of observed characteristics or behavior.† Based on these definitions, racial profiling could be defined for criminal justice purposes as targeting a person based solely on the characteristic of race. Most people, law enforcement officers included, would consider racial profiling based on this definition as ethically wrong. However, a case must be made for the use ofRead MoreResearch Outline, Annotated Bibliography, and Sample Survey: Women in Prisons1365 Words   |  5 Pagesare serving sentences for murder involving a spouse or partner. The incarceration of women presents far different cultural and sociological issues than those of men issues with children, family, sexual politics and more (NWLC, 2012). The rapid increase of female prisoners in a male-dominated system has left fewer adequate resources available for women. In addition, most research shows that womens prison experiences differ drastically from those of men because their relationships inside and outsideRead MoreThe Rapid Increase of Female Prisoners in a Male Dominated System786 Words   |  3 Pagesare serving sentences for murder involving a spouse or partner. The incarceration of women presents far different cultural and sociological issues than those of men issues with children, family, sexual politics and more (NWLC, 2012). The rapid increase of female prisoners in a male-dominated system has left fewer adequate resources available for women. In addition, most research shows that womens prison experiences differ drastically from those of men because their relationships inside and outsideRead MoreSexism And Racism Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesAllison Price English 3 12 August 2017 MLA Sexism and Racism within the American Judicial System There is blatant sexism and racism within the American Judicial System shown by a lack of convictions and inconsistent sentencing. Despite many small steps forward towards equality, injustice and systemic racism still find their way into the cases and verdicts we hear on the news every day. The battle for racial and gender equality is a fight that’s been fought diligently for centuries and while steps forwardRead MoreConflict Theory : Conflict Criminology, And Sociology799 Words   |  4 PagesCriminology and Sociology Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher and revolutionary socialist. His works, such as the Communist Manifesto, laid the foundation for what is known as conflict theory. According to this theory, it is viewed that criminal behavior is the result of interpersonal and human conflict (Siegel, 2015). In the book, Using Conflict Theory, the authors, Otomar Wehr (2002), describe conflict as â€Å"any behavior that helps the party to achieve its goal that is incompatible with

War And Its Costs World War One free essay sample

War And Its Costss: World War One Essay, Research Paper World War One was said to be # 8220 ; the war to stop all wars, # 8221 ; little did the people know that that was traveling to be proven incorrect 19 subsequently. The perceptual experience of war was clearly misstated to new recruits. Both supporters in both books thought the war was merely a clip to turn out yourself and contend for your state, little did they know that the point of them being in the war was to learn them how to remain alive. Paul Baumer, the supporter in # 8220 ; All Quiet on the Western Front, # 8221 ; got usage to the war and his companions better so Robert Ross, the supporter in # 8220 ; The Wars, # 8221 ; did. The storytellers of both books describe the war land rather vividly and rather likewise. Receiving a misconception of war was precisely what Paul Baumer and Robert Ross had received before enlisting into the ground forces. 1Paul # 8217 ; s teacher lectured the pupils in Paul # 8217 ; s category about enlisting into the German ground forces. He gives the pupils a long address about how they shouldn # 8217 ; t be larning, they should be out in the trenches contending for their state. What he fails to make is learn the pupils about the down side of contending for your state. Once Paul enlists into the ground forces and is out at that place on the forepart, Katczinsky tells him that in the war they are non contending for their state, but contending to remain alive. His instructor besides failed to state them of how they would experience when they killed another human being. When Paul landed in a trench and a soldier from the opposing side had fallen into the trench with him, Paul did non waver to knife the adult male. After he had stayed in the trench with the half-dead soldier, Paul made promises to the soldier. 2 # 8220 ; Comrade, I did non desire to kill you # 8230 ; You were merely an thought to m e before, an abstraction that lived in my head and called Forth its appropriate response. It was that abstraction I stabbed # 8230 ; Forgive me, companion. We ever see it excessively tardily. Why do they neer tell us that you are hapless Satans like us # 8230 ; that we have the same fright of decease, and the same death and the same torment # 8212 ; Forgive me, comrade ; how could you be my enemy? If we threw away these rifles and this uniform you could be my brother merely like Kat # 8230 ; # 8221 ; His instructor did non learn this sudden understanding that Paul displays. Paul told Katczinsky what had happened and Katczinsky related to the affair by stating that everyone goes through it their first clip. Robert had gone through a different misconception of war. 3Robert # 8217 ; s sister Rowena was crippled so Robert ever hung around with her to hearten her up ; they were best friends. One twenty-four hours when Robert was out Rowena fell when she wasn # 8217 ; t being watched and died. This was the concluding draw and Robert decided that the last thing left for him to make was to go forth his household and travel to war. Robert enlisted into the ground forces. Robert didn # 8217 ; t truly cognize what he was making, merely that there was a war traveling on and he was traveling to be portion of it. Unlike Paul, Robert wasn # 8217 ; t truly taught anything about the war, he merely figured it was off out of the existent universe. Throughout the full book Paul shows a drastic alteration in his attitude towards his pre-enlistment society as oppose to his fellow companions in the ground forces. At first Paul seems to take the advice of his instructor and parents by enlisting into the ground forces. He described his instructor # 8217 ; s persuasion to acquire his pupils to enlist into the ground forces by stating, 4 # 8220 ; give uping our single personalities more wholly so we would of all time hold believed possible even in the most bootlicking errand male child. Saluting, eyes front # 8230 ; we had imagined that our undertaking would be instead different from all this, but we discovered that we were being trained to be heroes, the manner they train circus Equus caballuss, and we rapidly got used to it. # 8221 ; This proves that Paul got use to the ground forces rather easy. At another point of the book, Paul notices that he can non pass on with the people he grew up with. When Paul returns place he goes to talk to his female parent, but he realizes that they have nil to state to each other, 5 # 8220 ; We say really small, and I am grateful that she asks nothing. # 8221 ; But eventually she speaks, # 8220 ; Was it really bad out at that place, Paul? # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Mother, what should I reply to that? You would non understand, you could neer recognize it. And you neer shall recognize it. Was it bad you inquire? You, mother, I shake my caput and say: # 8220 ; No, mother, non so really. There are ever a batch of us together so it isn # 8217 ; t so bad. # 8221 ; In this portion Paul is believing to him self and so tells his female parent a prevarication that everything is all right. He does this to protect his female parent from hearing about the inhumane conditions from which he has merely returned. 6In another scene Paul was trapped in a trench and started to panic. Once he had heard the voices of his companions he had settled down believing that everything was all right. Robert # 8217 ; s hitch to the war was a pick made all by him self. Robert seemed to acquire usage to the idea of being a soldier but remained more relaxed. He led his life as though he was out of the war. He made it look as though the war was merely a background and a minor complication in his life. He kept speaking to his parents and he perused to love Barbara D # 8217 ; Orsey. 7He met her while he was on leave after being injured on the forepart and maintaining an oculus out for his practically dead friend, Harris. Robert besides had clip to do friends on his ocean trip during the war. He described his narrative as if there was no war traveling on. 8In the beginning of the book him and a few companions went to a brothel. This was traveling to be Robert # 8217 ; s first clip holding slept with a adult female. Robert didn # 8217 ; t want to travel in but had to so he could suit in with the other work forces. The cocotte had realized this was traveling to be his first clip by his silence and by the manner that he ejaculated before he was even touched. This seemed to be a portion of the book merely to demo how immature Robert was and how he tried to suit in. 9Paul # 8217 ; s description of the cemetery scene seems to be symbolic and besides a really thorough description. Near the terminal of the book the allied forces attacked a cemetery in which Germans were go throughing through. This was right before Paul got trapped in the trench where he killed the soldier from the opposing side. In one case of that scene Paul says, # 8220 ; I am contending a loony baffled conflict. I want to acquire out of my hollow in the land but I keep on stealing back in. # 8221 ; Paul is merely depicting what the trench seems like and what is traveling on around him and to follow that he besides says, # 8220 ; The machine guns are rattling off. I know that barbed wire webs are steadfast and reasonably good undamaged # 8230 ; They aren # 8217 ; t acquiring through. They # 8217 ; ll have to turn back. # 8221 ; Paul chiefly describes the things traveling on around him in the war, such as the heavy weapon, barbed wires, and the soldiers. Robert # 8217 ; s portraiture of the war was rather conceivable. 10In one portion of the book Robert and his work forces are on their manner to a meeting point with their Equus caballuss. Robert took a incorrect bend and went through a butch. A butch is like speedy sand filled with gases. Robert noticed the odor of Cl and phosgene. # 8220 ; What is that odor # 8221 ; he asked Poole. # 8220 ; Prob # 8217 ; ly chlorine # 8221 ; Poole replied. 11The usage of Cl gas was truly used chiefly by the Germans and it was the first clip the usage of gas at such a big graduated table was used. Robert besides described the work forces he and Poole were stuck with in the trench. 12One adult male, Devlin, said he was an creative person. He went through the war roll uping stained glass from churches, and portrayals of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. Another adult male had kept coneies, birds, porcupines, and frogs. Robert made it look as though these work forces were brainsick. He besides described the sum of deceases, which occur during a few conflicts. 13The first dark Robert really fell asleep, which was the forenoon of the 28th of February at 4 ante meridiem the Germans set off land mines at St. Eloi Salient. It lasted five yearss and 30,000 work forces would decease, yet non an inch of land had been gained. Many conflicts like these have been fought in the war such as The conflict of Somme, and the conflict of Ypres which Robert makes a little mention to. Besides the trenches described are besides described precisely how they truly were. # 8220 ; The war to stop all wars # 8221 ; was clearly proven incorrect in the hereafter. It seems as though all the combat that the soldiers did was for nil but to derive back land which was already the same state # 8217 ; s land. The immature soldiers were ambitious to contend for their state so they did non waver to enlist into the ground forces. Parents, instructors and other theoretical account figures taught the teenagers/children the incorrect thing. Not to contend for pride, or for going a hero, or even for your state, but contending to seek to remain alive one time you have already enlisted. Both supporters clearly show the manner they lived during the war, and their misconceptions of it.

Innovative Technologies and Modern Communication

Table of Contents Introduction Ways of Youths’ Communication What Affects Modern Youth? Ways of Persuasion Call Me Maybe Conclusion Reference List Introduction Innovative technologies have been changing modern world gradually since the day of their emergence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Innovative Technologies and Modern Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The invention of writing, then typing, telephones and telegraphs, cell phones, computers, the Internet, and we cannot even imagine what can be next, all these means of progress development assist people in communication. Using written letters, telephones, faxes, SMS, and e-mails people communicate with each other. Youths usually refer to the most innovative means of socialization in order to be always available. The mobile Internet, notebooks, and other portable means of connection allow modern youths remain in touch 24/7. Communicatio n is very important for young people. The use of innovative technologies is also easily explained by means of the desire to be in fashion. However, young people still desire to use comfortable means for communication and the role of the influence is important. Young people can be easily convinced in a particular issue, therefore, speaking about the choice of the means of communication and the way how it is used, the source of influence is to be checked. Ways of Youths’ Communication There are a lot of different means of communication in the modern world. Youths prefer to use e-mail, SMS and messages in Tweeter or Facebook. Comments in different blogs have become one more way of communication. It is possible to notice how people do not only express their vision of the problem discussed in a blog, but how they communicate with each other. Youths are interested in the novelties. Before the spread of the Internet, youths were interested in SMSs and MMSs.Advertising Looking f or essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Then, the Internet appeared with various means for communication, like Skype. Furthermore, Facebook occupied students’ attention. Now, many people use Tweeter for communication with the world, however, Facebook still remains important. Balouris (2012) noticed a tendency that youths would better write a message online than call for communication as in case of writing a message, youth should not follow their tone of voice, gestures and mimics, body language. Spread of Facebook and Tweeter along with other Internet blogs and websites helps modern youths communicate and share information. These mentioned networks are good information deliverers, therefore, when something happens, information is spread fast. The emergence of a new song is news. Sisario (2012) claims that the use of the mentioned above networks helps deliver this information fast and make a song popular. This is exactly what happened with Carly Rae Jepsen’s hit Call Me Maybe (2012). What Affects Modern Youth? Looking at the specifics of modern communication and the way youths’ deal with news, I am sure that social network is the main means of effect. Taking into consideration Carly Rae Jepsen’s summer hit Call Me Maybe (2012). It was not at the top list on the radio, it was not too spread on television. This song was located online on YouTube, a kind of a video blog, and it was spread among youths via Tweeter, Facebook and other blogs. Sisario (2012) stresses that â€Å"YouTube, Twitter and Facebook are now record labels’ textbook tools for starting a marketing campaign, and if the numbers there are big enough, they can be used in pitches to radio and television programmers†.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Innovative Technologies and Modern Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I cannot disagree with the statement. However, what as the main influential effect? What really impacts youths? Adolescents are not affected by the modernity of music in most cases, they are affected by the opinion of other people. This is the case. I am sure that this summer the number of calls has increased just because the song sings, â€Å"Call me maybe† (Jepsen, 2012). It is not â€Å"tweet me maybe† or â€Å"text me maybe†, Balouris (2012) interferes. This is exactly â€Å"call† and she is sure that it means much for youths’ changes in communication. One of the members of the Intern blog (Call Me, Maybe? 2012) is sure that the song carries a very influential and persuasive meaning. Ways of Persuasion People of business know for sure that the telephone conversations are very important. This measure is used in many reasons. One of the members of the Intern blog (Call Me, Maybe? 2012) has written that a telephone call may he lp assist people, please clients and be very useful while telephone conferences. Youths have not understood the importance of the telephone communication when it is possible to hear the voice of the opponent, its intonation. Even though the song became popular over such networks as Tweeter, YouTube and Facebook as Sisario (2012) persuades us, the importance of this song is in the message which is devoted to reminding people about of interpersonal communication, as Balouris (2012) convinces. Having listened to this song, I also had a desire to take a cell phone and to call somebody.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Call Me Maybe Therefore, what is Call Me Maybe (Jepsen, 2012) about? Is this just a â€Å"fun song† as Sisario (2012) assures, or it is the way to promote such networks as Facebook, YouTube, or Tweeter, according to Balouris’ (2012) claim? However, I am inclined to think that this song is the way to help people understand how telephone communication is important. One of the members of the Intern blog (Call Me, Maybe? 2012) has chosen the title of the song as a title calling it a clichà ©. She is sure that his song has made a phrase a clichà ©, and a very popular one. She never mentioned that her article is about Jepsen’s (2012) song, however, no one doubts it. I suppose that it is essential to speak to about the song as the propaganda of telephone conversations which make people closer than simple writing online message of SMS. Being an effective means for convincing business partners, pleasing them and getting necessary information, telephone conversations sh ould become useful for youths. Dwelling upon the strategies for making a successful call, the member of the Intern blog (Call Me, Maybe? 2012) is sure that hey are not numerous and may be easily remembered. Conclusion Therefore, a simple song.without thousands radio and TV releases managed not only to become popular, but also to interfere into the life of youths and change their vision of modern communication. Listening to this song online and having delivered it by means of the particular social network sources and blogs, the song advocate communication over the telephone, the one which is not usually used by young people who got used to Facebook, Tweeter, and other similar online programs. Being initially directed at sharing information, the social networks have taken the qualities of the telephone and Carly Rae Jepsen seems to have a desire to return this tradition of live communication when one is able to listen to the voice of an opponent. Reference List Balouris, M. C. (2012). Call Me, Maybe? Marielena’s Presidential Leadership Academy Blog. Web. Call Me, Maybe? (2012). Intern. Web. Jepsen, C. R. (2012). Call Me Maybe. YouTube. Web. Sisario, B. (2012). The new rise of a summer hit: Tweet it maybe. The New York Times. Web. This essay on Innovative Technologies and Modern Communication was written and submitted by user Brady W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A City For Promoting Sustainable Environment An Environmental Sciences Essays

A City For Promoting Sustainable Environment An Environmental Sciences Essays A City For Promoting Sustainable Environment An Environmental Sciences Essay A City For Promoting Sustainable Environment An Environmental Sciences Essay end 110 ( Beginning: www.secureproject.org ) The high energy marks did non carry through its end. The measuring informations is non available to the populace. For the H2O ingestion, the chief mark was set to entree 100 l/person/ twenty-four hours and during the period from July 2006 to July 2007, the mean ingestion was 141,9 l/person/day. Though the end was non achieved still it was better than other country while in Stockholm on mean ingestion is 200 l/ person/day ( www.secureproject.org ) . The initial ends for energy were set to 60 KWh/m2 which was updated to 100 KWh/m2 in 2005 ( Table 1 ) . Biogas merchandises, RES and reuse of waste heat coupled with energy ingestion expeditiously in edifices. About 23000 dozenss sludge treated with the production of 3,500,000 M3 biogas ( www.hammarbysjostad.se/glashusett ) . The best public presentation was achieved so far from two multifamily constructing blocks, holmen and Grynnan, where PV cells were installed in frontages, balconies and Windowss with the entire peak power 46 KW and production 32 MWh. The sum of produced energy is used to necessitate of 70 % of the energy for icebox and deep-freeze. An energy balance equation is frequently used for ciphering energy ingestion which can be implemented here Where Ein is the energy that flows in to the system, Prod is produced energy, Eout is the energy that flow out from the system and Ack is the accrued energy in the system. Local Inhabitants Influences With the increasing population and economic growing of the Hammarby Sjostad, there is an inevitable influence by the occupants of the territory. As the territory has good developed transit system including different foot way and bike lane. Private auto utilizing is non encouraged here. So about 80 % of the occupants and workers are utilizing public conveyance, bike or on pes. Thus they are playing a important function to cut down traffic burden and dodo fuel consume to guarantee the pollution free environment. The eco-friendly auto of auto pool system provides the personal demand of holding auto in pressing period. The dwellers of the metropolis is good known about the waste direction and they do their regard about screening of wastes until today and eventually to gain it ethier automatic vacuity system or manus over the risky waste to GlashusEtt waste aggregation point. Thus they are playing an of import function to cut down the energy loss for screening waste every bit good as to recycle it for bring forthing biogas. The H2O ingestion of the country is 100 to 140 l/person/day whereas otherpart of Stockholm dwellers use 200 l/person/day. The ingestion manner of H2O usage reveals about their consciousness about sustainability. The low flower system of the lavatory, rinsing machines and dish washers, air sociable lights-out is installed for eco-friendly environment comparison to those of Stockholm metropolis or other metropoliss. The imhabitants response with any acitivities or run organized for the eco-friendly environment. For illustration, in 2005 a run organized against the usage of bacteriacide triclosan, a risky substance used in toothpaste. After the run the analysis of triclosen was found with smaller sum comparison to old clip. Sustainable Urban Planning and Design Design for Sustainability At the planning and designing of the metropolis, the first precedence was given to advance sustainability of the environment without hamering the nature. The optimisation of the resources and the coordination of different energy systems with high tech sustainable engineering make its end closer and easier. Eco-design The chief focal point of the industrial ecology is sustainable development and environment by optimizing the use of natural resources. The life rhythm of the merchandises and resources and its proficient systems defines the sustainability of industrial society. The design of the edifice substructure and its building stuffs are environment friendly. Fuel cells and the edifice double-gazed facade heighten the eco-design of the edifice. Green Roofs Most of the edifices roofs are designed as green roofs covering in stonecrop or sedum workss. This particular eco design non merely brings the attractive force but besides has sustainable impacts. The workss on the roof protect drain to cloacas by adsorbing rain H2O. Vacuum system for solid waste and garbage sorting The solid domestic wastes fractions are sorted and collected through an belowground waste aggregation system. The waste is collected in the belowground room through vacuity suction, one fraction at a clip. The containers in the resistance are collected without lorries that cut down vehicle traffic in the country. It besides avoids workers to transport heavy burden. Hazardous wastes are collected in GlasshusEtt edifice. Construction stuffs All the stuffs used for the building was considered for environmental position. For illustration, the seeable stuffs for facade and on the land of the edifice, stuffs used inside the edifice shell, all the equipments and installing procedure are tested as sustainable, healthy, dry and eco-friendly merchandises. Solar panels and Cells In some of the edifices solar panel has installed to heat the H2O system of the full edifice which reduces the energy ingestion from the cardinal beginning. Some edifice is designed with the solar cells in which Sun visible radiation is harnessed and produces electric energy. A individual solar cell system consists of one square metre can supply 100 kWh/yr. This sum is tantamount to 3 square metre of family energy. Storm H2O from street Storm H2O ( rain H2O, snowmelt H2O ) from the street is collected, purified and released into Hammarby Canal. For purification sand filters and unreal filter wetland is used. Storm H2O besides infiltrated in to the land or drain to Sickla Canal, Hammarby Canal or Danvik Canal. Storm H2O Drain Channel is constructed to have rain H2O from environing houses and gardens via drainage system. This channel H2O besides enhances the beautification of the country. The H2O so runs to Basins named equiliser and eventually to the lake. Biogas All the domestic organic waste and sludge are used to bring forth biogas. Biogas is used for the cookery intent in the country and besides as fuel in eco-friendly autos and coachs. A individual family can bring forth such sum of waste stuffs that can supply sufficient sum of biogas for gas cooker. Biogas is the most environment friendly and sustainable signifier of fuel at nowadays. Communication System Hammarby Sjostad has eco friendly communicating system and energy salvaging vehicles. Private autos are non encouraged here. Well communicating system through Tvarbanan ropeway, coachs, ferry, auto pool etc has less environmental impact in the transit system cut downing traffic burden every bit good as devouring without fossil fuel. Heating and Cooling System Domestic wastes are used as energy beginning in the heat and power works which is used to go around territory warming and chilling system in Hammarby Sjostad. Ecoduct It is the most advanced and efficient solution to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem without any perturbation. In this territory two ecoducts are installed covering with flora. This two broad Bridgess connects two different side of the route in such a manner that animate beings can travel without holding job due to broad route and traffic system. Industrial Ecology Approach All the eco-friendly urban planning and design promotes the sustainability towards industrial ecology attack. Since 1917, it has been developing as an industrial country that had led to a higher pollution rate of the country including dirt, H2O and air. The whole environment became unhealthy and menace to the dwellers. After reconstructing the metropolis, until today it is one of the environment friendly sustainable metropoliss of the universe. So the design and planning has a great function to accomplish this end. The land uses converted from old brownfield sites to attractive residential countries with batch of recreational topographic points including green public infinites. The energy used in the metropolis is from the renewable fuels and biogas produced from the domestic waste. All the edifice has efficient energy ingestion. Water supply is maintained with the standard high quality with new engineering and reuse of H2O and sewerage after handling with maximal degree and released into nearby canals. The possible upper limit recycling system is introduced for the domestic wastes with the latest automatic vacuity. Transportation system of the metropolis is besides considered for the sustainable environment and less fuel ingestion rate. It has fast, attractive conveyance system including ferry, auto pools, eco-friendly auto, pes and rhythm way promoting cut down of private auto uses. All the stuffs used for the building of the edifice are healthy and environment friendly. Soil decontamination and ecoducts guarantee biodiversity of local flora and insects. Now this metropolis is regarded as the decontaminated country announced by the Stockholm s Environment and Health Administration. All these installations and sustainable development of the Hammarby Sjostad promotes the industrial ecology attack guaranting the undermentioned standards: Industrial metamorphosis Eco-design Dematerialization and decarbonisation Industrial sysmbiosis Eco-industrial park Eco-efficiency Pollution control Reuse, Recovery and Recycling Waste minimization Cleaner production and clean Technology Life rhythm and environmental impact appraisal Integrated planning, advanced eco-solutions and engineerings. Discussions To construct an environment friendly lodging undertaking it is necessary to concentrate and see many different facets that influences the environment. Hammarby Sjostad undertaking tried to convey concentration to every individual issue. It was non easy to reconstruct a extremely contaminated unplanned metropolis into a developed and wholly uncontaminted and pollution free metropolis. Hammarby Sjostad provides a alone illustration of wastrel direction and biogas production. The modern engineering of vacuity system makes easier to command waste direction and decline transporting vehicle that cut down traffic burden and fuel. The best production comes through the organic wastes bring forthing biogas which is used for cooking intent of the edifices. Combustible wastes are used to bring forth energy at Hogdalan combined heat and powerplant as a beginning of the power coevals and warming system of the territory. Private vehicle auto pool system and broad rhythm lane and foot way plays an o f import function to cut down green house gas. All the families are equipped with low blushing lavatory to cut down H2O ingestion. Hammarby Sjostad present a alone and different system to roll up storm H2O and rain H2O in the street and to handle it before let go ofing it to the lake while it is non considered in any other metropolis allowing storm H2O straight release to lake. However, all the building stuffs used for constructing up this metropolis are healthy, dry and environmentally sound. Energy ingestion process besides enhances the sustainability of the metropolis utilizing renewable energy. From the above treatment on this instance survey of Hammarby Sjostad, it can be easy recommended for constructing any sustainable metropolis to see following major standards: Eco-design for the metropolis sing environmental impacts during its whole life rhythm Eco-efficiency following maximal usage of ferenewable wer resources and making less waste and pollution Introducing industrial metamorphosis Eco-industrial park effort to cut down waste and pollution by sharing resources expeditiously collaborating with concern and local community Ensure industrial mutualism Decisions It is said that developing metropoliss ever destroy the natural environment but in the instance of Hammarby Sjostad wholly go different. Allready the metropolis is proved its achievement towards sustainability without haltering the natural environment every bit good as pollution and taint free country. The metropolis provides the best engineering with incorporate environmental solutions. Though the metropolis has long manner to turn out itself as a existent sustainable metropolis, still it can be regarded as a function theoretical account of existent estate development in industrial ecology attack.

How to Write a Term Paper Quickly

How to Write a Term Paper Quickly How to Write a Term Paper Quickly Students writing an examination or a class assignment have various speeds of completing their tasks. There are students who will take less than half the period that has been allocated to complete a certain paper. When this happens, the other students commonly develop a certain rush to finish their assignments too and submit their papers. Instructors discourage this kind of action, citing that it can make one omit crucial information. In the same way, rushing to complete a term paper simply because your colleague has finished hers can make you spell words wrongly. Again, the important requirement of proofreading your final copy will be overlooked. It is a plus for a student to write his/her term paper quickly. This does not mean that you should rush your work, in so doing jeopardizing chances of getting a good score. Writing a term paper quickly is possible if one has grasped the elements of creative writing. One of these elements is to dedicate the first five minutes of a writing task to understand the topic and organize your concepts in a logical and coherent flow. To do this, you need to have a sheet of paper in which you will draft a rough sketch of your term paper. To some students, this is a time-wasting activity that is not necessary. The truth, however, is that writing an outline of your term paper will stimulate your brain to generate many ideas. Where these ideas are not written down, there is likelihood that they evade the mind of the student, and in the end, the writer will only have two points that do not offer enough breadth. You should not limit yourself when writing the rough sketch of your term paper. It is always advisable to put all ideas on paper, regardless of how absurd they might appear. You probably have started writing a paper with a single concept, but later realized that your mind generated many other theories from that single concept. If the writer keeps the topic in mind, every idea that is noted in the rough outline will form a paragraph, thus assisting the writer to write a detailed term paper. After doing the rough draft, your work will be to transfer the main ideas onto your clean copy. The task for the writer will be to add flesh to the skeleton provided in the outline, which should not be difficult at all. Instructors recommend that you should always tick off an idea out of your rough draft once you have incorporated it into the main document. Unless you do this, you might unconsciously repeat points, and your lecturer will penalize you for this. Modern learning institutions allow students to use computers to write their term papers. This technology makes the writing task even simpler and quicker. This is because the computer saves all your drafts, and highlights erroneous sections that require correction. Therefore, the only laborious part is drafting the first copy, and you can edit it in no time. If you need a custom term paper you can order it online from paper writing service. High quality, plagiarism-free and timely delivery guarantee!

Brands in Retail Market Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Brands in Retail Market - Literature review Example Brands give products a unique identity or name with the help of a name / design or logo which catches the imagination of the customers. â€Å"A brand is an experience that lives at the intersection of promise and expectation. Your products are a way to deliver upon that promise. Forget features; concentrate on the unique experience you can provide† (Savard & Gallagher, 2010). The goal of retailers is to build strong brand identity to compete with other players in the industry. The paper discusses the implications and strategic significance of retail branding and its impact on customer choice and preference of stores. Introduction The retailing industry has gained increased prominence over the past few decades with growing consumerism in countries and wide range of products flooding the markets vying for consumer attention. The retail industry comprises of the department stores, local shops, discount stores, and specialty stores that form the vital link between the manufacturer s and customers. The global retail industry has witnessed significant changes in the post globalization period with markets opening to multinational products and brands making their way to the retail counters. The small local retail shops are disappearing to large multinational retail chain stores that have created a brand image for their quality of service and range of products available under one roof. Popular retail chain stores like Tesco, Walmart, Marks and Spencer have adopted international expansion strategies to increase market shares and profits. â€Å"Indeed, the larger the company, the more likely it is to operate beyond its domestic borders and to generate a higher percentage of its sales from foreign operations† (Deloitte, 2009). Brand management has emerged as a critical top management function for a business in the last decade. Brand image is increasingly being acknowledged as one of the most valuable intangible assets for a company. In the highly competitive r etailing industry, branding has a very important role to play in influencing customer perceptions and enhancing store loyalty. In the United States grocery and general merchandise industry, retailing has made major inroads in the last few years. The surge in promotions and private labels has been seen as an indicator of increase in retailer power. Simultaneously, there has also been a significant increase in the number of discounters and warehouse clubs. This has put a lot of pressure on traditional retailers. Retail competition has increased and become cut throat both within and between retail formats. Based on these observations the research provides an insight into the different perspectives that have emerged in driving customers to the retail chain stores. What role does branding play in influencing choice of retail stores and how do customers differentiate one retail brand from the other? These are some of the vital questions that are answered by the research paper through an a nalysis of existing literature and theoretical perspectives defining customer decision making process. Retail branding – a conceptual overview Retail branding is an evolving concept that has transformed the way customers shop today and it has generated a lot of speculation on how retail brands influence customers. Retail branding has been defined by Zentes, Morschett, and Schramm-Klein in their book Strategic Retail Management (2007) as â€Å"

Planet Venus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planet Venus - Essay Example Venus is the closest planet to earth both in distance and radius and this proximity has meant that we know more about it than any other planet. As shown below a lost has been discovered regarding the planets formation, composition, and visibility. Picture of Venus Venus was formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago together with the rest of the solar system when our sun was formed in a cloud nebula referred to as the solar nebula (Cain). The cloud nebula must have been destabilized by a strong external force such as a nearby supernova as it began to deteriorate and with its crumbling down many stars were formed including our sun which due to its gravity attracted residue from the nebula that rotated in the form of hot rocks. The rocks would join together to form the planets of our solar system and one of them was Venus. It is believed that Venus must have collided with another huge object that affected its rotation as it the only planet to rotate in a clockwise manner. Proof of this is also seen in the fact that Venus has the longest day in the solar system the equivalent of 243 which is longer than the time it takes to revolve around the sun. In spite of this collision, Venus would still remain the biggest region within its location and it is believed it might have even absorbed the object that collided with it. While Venus is similar to earth in size being 95 % the size of our planet and given their close proximity it is likely that they formed during the same time. Venus does however have some stark differences that have made it be nicknamed earth’s evil twin by scientists. Comparative photo of Venus and Earth by NASA The lower atmosphere of Venus is filled with Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen while the upper atmosphere has a strong presence of sulphur dioxide which makes the temperatures of Venus extremely high due to a Greenhouse effect. With recordings of over 460? Centigrade the temperature on Venus are the hottest recorded on any planet even surpass ing Mercury which is the closest to the sun and the sulfur fumes make the environment acidic as it rains sulfuric acid in the upper atmosphere. These factors make Venus a lifeless planet as the places are highly inhospitable for terrestrial life as we know. The surface of Venus unlike other planets does not have craters due to meteorites and two theories have arisen to explain this: either the gases are so thick that any object that enters the atmosphere will burn up due to the air pressure with the exception of the largest of meteorites, or the planets volcanoes have been erupting frequently and so cover any asteroid collisions that have occurred (Redd). The planet does not have any water on the surface due to the high temperatures but it does have two huge continents that have mainly volcanic plains. Venus also lacks a magnetic field like that of the earth and it is thought that the main cause of this is that the core has cooled down significantly thus lacks many ionized particles . Several projects have been initiated to send probes to Venus so as to explore the planet a significant number of which were done by the USSR during the cold war era where it was competing with USA in the space race. The first successful landing was done in 1970 by the Venera -7 space probes however, several fly by missions had been done before it. The Venera successfully transmitted date from the planet’s surface regarding its composition and in 1975 the Venera – 9 sent the first images from the planet. From then other probes have been sent as well as fly by missions conducted with the European Union sending its own orbiters to study the planet (Anatoly). Photo of surface of Venus from Nasa 2005 Venus is a highly inhospitab

Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay The themes that are introduced and emphasised in Chapter 8 of Charles Dickens Great Expectations are a near complete summary of the themes of the novel as a whole and of the conditions in which the English people had to live with in the 1800s. This chapter epitomises the circumstances in which English people lived and the situations that they faced, and it looks at many different perspectives and takes into account many different factors. The Industrial Revolution was a period in time when everything in England changed rapidly, and Dickens made sure that he captured Englands huge transition in every light he could. Dickens himself lived in poverty for a number of years, and his main motive for writing books (such as Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby) was his desire to see change. These books are based around injustice and the divide between wealth and poverty. Chapter 8 of Great Expectations clearly defines the issues that Dickens sought to deal with through writing. The very first thing that happens in Chapter 8 Pips uncomfortable breakfast with Mr Pumblechook. Pip states in his narrative that on politely bidding him Good morning, Pumblechook immediately asked him a mathematics question. The breakfast then proceeds to continues in this manner (before I had swallowed a morsel, he began a running sum that lasted throughout breakfast. ) This is a prime example of control. This is one of the themes that come to the fore as the novel progresses. Pip finds that he very rarely has a choice in matters, he is either forced to do something or it would be very foolish or insulting to decline making certain choices. His life his almost completely influenced by others, and he often has no control over it at all. In Chapter 8, he is controlled by Pumblechook (as afore mentioned), Estella (You are to wait here, boy. ) and Miss Havisham (Play! ). In particular, Miss Havisham manipulates the lives of Estella and Pip to suit her own twisted, selfish needs to the point where she is remorseful of her actions. Dickens stresses the point that, in this era, the wealthy people dictate the actions of the poorer people. The fact that Pip is sitting back and enjoying the ride, so to speak, is a result of the people around him ordering and demanding things of him. Pip rarely has a choice to make, and is manipulated and used by many people, some with good intentions (Magwitch), some with evil intentions (Miss Havisham and Compeyson). Control and the gulf between inferiority and superiority are perpetual forces in the novel.

The Sierra Club as an Interest Group Essays -- Environment Nature Essa

The Sierra Club as an Interest Group The Sierra Club is a national organization dedicated to the preservation of the environment. Founded in 1892 in California by conservationist John Muir, the Club is made up of 750,000 people devoted to the exploration, enjoyment, and the protection of the natural environmental. Headquartered in San Francisco, it has numerous state and regional chapters taking part in the fight for protection. According to Janda, an important part of pluralism was that new interest groups form as a matter of course when the need arises (Janda 176). Such is the case with the Sierra Club. With the establishment of Yosemite National Park by the US Congress in 1890, the Club formed two years later in 1892 to lead a campaign to defeat a proposed reduction in the boundaries of the Park. Moreover, the Sierra Club formed when there was a need and rising interest in environmental preservation. Another important aspect of interest group formation is leadership. Founding the Sierra Club, John Muir was an explorer, naturalist and writer devoted to the environment. Campaigning for the conservation of land, water and forests in the United States, he helped influence congress to pass the Yosemite National Park Bill and persuaded President Teddy Roosevelt to protect 150 million acres of forest reserves. His devotion and effort helped many people begin to understand the importance of conservation. Not just confined to information in books, his commitment allowed people to experience nature for themselves. Who is being organized is also an important factor. Regarding the Sierra Club, a range of people were organized. Whether rich, educated, businessmen, farmers, or women, environmental protection is important to... ...rent perspectives, environmental protection will be a topic of debate and controversy. In conclusion, the Sierra Club is a national interest group. Because of a disturbance, leadership and numerous like-minded individuals, the Sierra Club successfully organized in 1892. Taking on roles of representation, participation, education, agenda building and program monitoring, the it owes much of its success to its resources of members, money and lobbyists. As a group, the Club has accomplished much through direct lobbying, grassroots initiatives, high-tech lobbying and coalition building. With the environment being such a debated topic, the Sierra Club is an organization devoted to its preservation. Works Cited: Janda, Kenneth, Jeffrey M. Berry and Jerry Goldman. The Challenge of Democracy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004. The Sierra Club. www.sierraclub.org

Research Assignment Essay

To understand the what the advantages of a declarative language as opposed to a procedural language, we must understand the difference between the two. A procedural language such as FORTRAN or Cabal (There are more) give precise instructions that tell the computer what to do. In other words a procedural language is your basic â€Å"if-this, then-that†. Specific variables are defined that tell the CPU how to process information. It takes a programmer that knows the intimate details of how the code works to ensure that programs work the way they are supposed to. In a declarative language, language is used that in its simplest form, just makes sense. There is no intricate code that is confusing. One example in SQL would be creating tables: CREATE TABLE Employee. The user can create a simple table without having to know the inner workings of how the table is actually created. The advantage of declarative language is that it makes life so much easier for the everyday user to function in declarative programs without being a programmer. When a user types something in, the language just makes more sense to the everyday user and there is also plenty of information that can be found to aid in using declarative languages. Procedural language can have its advantages though. This is true for security reasons. This allows only those that are developing a program to know the inner workings of the program. In my opinion it is a good deterrent for unskilled persons to make modifications to programs that use procedural language. Cross joins are legitimate for several reasons. The main reason is to cut down the amount of information that the database is searching for. This also aids in increased performance. If cross joins were not allowed then the program would return much more information that is needed resulting in increased time to sort the data. This is example is two- fold; the database  would work harder to retrieve information and the person looking at the returned information would have to work harder to sort it. I could imagine persons that are making inquiries across a WAN connection via a VPN making an inquiry and needing that specific data quickly. If cross joins were not allowed then can one imagine how much data is being sent across the internet or how much bandwidth is being used? In addition to that idea what about the integrity of data that any given person has access too? Cross joins allow for increased productivity, less strain on the database resources and security filtering of information. References- http://www.academia.edu/306590/A_COMPARISON_OF_DECLARATIVE_AND_PROCEDURAL_CONSTRAINTS_IN_DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEMShttp://www.teach- www.teach-ict.com/as_as_computing/ocr/H447/F453/3_3_6/types_language/miniweb/pg3.htm

Unit G Psychology 101

1. Glucose is: A. the hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior. B. the neurotransmitter that promotes satiation and produces feelings of fullness as you eat. C. also called the â€Å"hunger hormone† because its presence in the lining of the stomach strongly stimulates appetite. *D. also called blood sugar and is the primary source of energy in your body. 2. Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Maslow's theory of motivation?A. Maslow's initial studies on self-actualization were based on limited samples and often relied on the life stories of acquaintances, and biographies and autobiographies of historical figures he selected. B. The concept of self-actualization is vague and almost impossible to define in such a way that it could be empirically measured or tested. C. Despite the claim that that self-actualization is an inborn motivational goal, most people do not experience or achieve self-actualization. * D. Because of Maslow's influence, psychology was encouraged to focus on the motivation and development of psychologically healthy people.3. Psychologists define the term _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response. A. motivation *B. emotion C. self-efficacy D. anthropomorphism4. Which of the following lists the correct seq uence of sleep stages during the first 90 minutes of sleep? * A. stage 1 NREM, stage 2 NREM, stage 3 NREM, stage 4 NREM, REM sleep B. REM sleep, stage 4 NREM, stage 3 NREM, stage 2 NREM, stage 1 NREM C. stage 1 REM, stage 2 REM, stage 3 REM, stage 4 REM, NREM D. wakefulness, drowsiness, dreaming, deep sleep, paradoxical sleep5. Sleep restriction studies have shown that: A. research participants adapted to the four-hour-per-night sleep schedule by the end of the first week and showed no cognitive or physical impairments over the course of the experiments. B. there were some beneficial effects in terms of memory consolidation, reaction time, and immune system functioning. * C. mmune system functioning, concentration, vigilance, reaction time, memory skills, and ability to gauge risk were all diminished. D. there is no evidence to support the notion that REM and NREM sleep deprivation result in REM and NREM rebound effects.6. Sleepwalking and sleep terrors are _______ that tend to occu r in _______. *A. parasomnias; stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep B. parasomnias; REM sleep C. dyssomnias; stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep D. dyssomnias; REM sleep7. Which of the following is an example of a parasomnia? A. insomnia B. narcolepsy C. obstructive sleep apnea *D. leep-related eating disorder (SRED)8. Scientists found that diminished levels of a special class of neurotransmitter called hypocretins, which are produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, have been implicated in a sleep disorder called _______. * A. narcolepsy B. obstructive sleep apnea C. sexsomnia D. somnambulism9. Heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol, and nicotine are all addictive drugs that increase levels of which neurotransmitter in the brain? A. serotonin B. melatonin C. norepinephrine * D. dopamine10. Caffeine: * A. is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world. B. gets its stimulant effect by promoting the release of adenosine in the brian's prefrontal cortex. C. gets its stimulant effect by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. D. is the most widely used non-physically addictive drug in the world.11. Which of the following is a derivative of opium? A. mescaline B. Oxycontin C. psilocybin * D. codeine12. According to _____ theories of motivation, behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs. A. incentive * B. drive C. humanistic D. instinct13. According to the _____ theory of emotion, your subjective emotional experience is the direct result of physical changes in your body. *A. James-Lange B. cognitive-appraisal C. self-determination D. Schachter-Singer two-factor14. Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise comprise the list that Paul Ekman calls: A. the facial code. B. facial movements. C. the primary code. * D. primary affects.15. When people mask an emotion: A. it is impossible to detect their true emotion. *B. the true emotion flashes on their face before they compose their face. C. the true emotion can be read in their eyes. D. their facial muscles always twitch.16. How do Psychoactive drugs work? -once in our bloodstream, psychoactive drugs influence our behavior by altering the functioning of the central nervous system in some way.17. What is anger? What features does anger share with other emotions? – Anger is â€Å"an emotional state that varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage,† Like other emotions, it is accompanied by physiological and biological changes; when you get angry, your heart rate and blood pressure go up, as do the levels of your energy hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline.18. Define dyssomnia- A general term used to describe any sleeping condition where a person has trouble either getting to sleep or staying asleep.19. Define parasomnia- A category of sleep disorders in which abnormal events occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking or talking; due to inappropriately timed activation of physiological sy stems.20. Define hypnosis- An artificially induced trance state resembling sleep, characterized by heightened susceptibility to suggestion.

A Look at Feminist Utopia and Dystopia Literature

A Look at Feminist Utopia and Dystopia Literature Feminist Utopia Feminist utopia is a type of social science fiction. Usually, a feminist utopia novel envisions a world in stark contrast to patriarchal society. Feminist utopia imagines a society without gender oppression, envisioning a future or an alternate reality where men and women are not stuck in traditional roles of inequality. These novels are often set in worlds where men are entirely absent. Feminist Dystopia Often, a feminist science fiction novel is more of a dystopia. Dystopic science fiction imagines a world gone terribly wrong, exploring the most extreme possible consequences of current society’s problems. In a feminist dystopia, the inequality of society or oppression of women is exaggerated or intensified to highlight the need for change in contemporary society. Explosion of a Subgenre There was a great increase in feminist utopian literature during the second-wave feminism of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Feminist science fiction is often seen as more concerned with societal roles and power dynamics than the technological advances and space travel of â€Å"typical† science fiction. Examples Early feminist utopias: City of Ladies by Christine de Pizan  Herland by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Contemporary feminist utopia novels: Works by Marge PiercyThe Wanderground by Sally Miller Gearhart Feminist dystopia novels: Walk to the End of the World by Suzy McKee CharnasThe Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood There are also many books, such as Joanna Russ’ The Female Man, that explore both utopia and dystopia.

50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers

50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers 50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers 50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers By Mark Nichol Many idioms referring to human behavior are based on analogies to parts of the body, especially arms, hands, and fingers. Here are explanations of many of the most common expressions. 1. â€Å"All hands on deck,† from nautical terminology, means that a circumstance requires everyone’s attendance or attention. 2. One who is all thumbs is clumsy (as if one had thumbs in place of fingers and is therefore not dexterous). 3. To have something at hand is to have it accessible or nearby. 4. To be hand in hand is to be in close association. 5. A backhanded compliment is one that explicitly or implicitly denigrates the recipient. 6. To be in good (or safe) hands is to be in a secure position. 7. To be on hand is to be in attendance or available in case of need. 8. To bite the hand that feeds you is to attack or reject someone who has helped you. 9. â€Å"The devil makes work for idle hands† means that those who do not have enough to occupy them are susceptible to risking illicit behavior. 10. To say that someone did not or would not lift a finger is to criticize the person for failing to assist. 11. â€Å"Elbow grease† refers to influence that will enable something to occur that would otherwise be hindered or stalled. 12. Elbow room is space to be free to live the way one wants to or engage in activities as one wishes. 13. To finger someone is to identify someone, especially a perpetrator of a crime or someone who is to blame for doing something wrong. 14. To experience something at first hand (or firsthand) is to experience it directly rather than to merely become aware of it through an intermediary. 15. To force someone’s hand is to maneuver so that someone is compelled to act prematurely or reveal his or her intentions. 16. To give someone a free hand is to allow that person autonomy. 17. â€Å"Five-finger discount† is a euphemism for stealing, especially shoplifting. 18. To gain the upper hand is to become dominant or victorious. 19. To get one’s fingers burned is to experience a painful lesson, often about issues such as trust in interpersonal relationships. 20. To get one’s hands dirty it to directly engage in an activity that may not be appealing, rather than leave it to others, or to become involved in illicit activity. 21–22. To give one’s right arm (to right-handed people, the more useful one) or an arm and a leg is to offer a significant sacrifice to obtain a desired result. 23. To go hand in glove means to be in close agreement or in a close relationship. 24. To hand it to someone is to acknowledge someone’s accomplishment. 25. To hand something to someone on a plate or a platter means to make something easy for someone. 26. To hang on by one’s fingernails is to barely manage to cope with something. 27. To have a finger in every pie (or many pies) is to be involved in many activities or projects 28. To have one’s finger on the pulse of something is to be acutely aware of its condition or status. 29. To have one’s hands full it to be busy or too busy to take on other activities. 30. Something done with a heavy hand is done excessively and/or oppressively. 31. A reference to an iron fist (or iron hand) in a velvet glove is to authoritarian behavior concealed behind a facade of benevolence. 32. To keep someone at arm’s length is to maintain emotional and/or physical distance from someone who is a bad influence or may otherwise cause harm. 33. To keep one’s fingers crossed is to wish for good luck. 34. To know something like the back of one’s hand is to be intimately or thoroughly familiar with it. 35. When the left hand doesn’t know what the right hand is doing, one entity associated with another is unaware of the second entity’s actions or intentions. 36. To lend a hand means to help. 37. To live from hand to mouth is to live on a subsistence level, with no cushion of comfort. 38. When something gets out of hand, it is out of control. 39. The long arm of the law is the influence of law enforcement, which can be more far reaching in time or space than one expects. 40. â€Å"On the other hand† means â€Å"alternatively.† 41. To overplay one’s hand is to be overconfident. 42. To play into someone’s hands is to engage in activity or behavior that makes one vulnerable to another person’s manipulation. 43. A show of hands is a literal or figurative assessment or vote to determine support for or opposition to an intended course of action or agreement or disagreement with an opinion. 44. To stick out like a sore thumb is to be conspicuous. 45. To take the law into one’s own hands is to seek justice or retribution instead of obtaining assistance through law enforcement or legal procedures. 46. â€Å"Thumbs up† refers to the gesture of approval. 47. To be under someone’s thumb is to be subject to someone else’s influence. 48. To be up in arms is to be indignant or agitated about a wrong done to oneself and/or others. 49. To wash one’s hands of something is to decide that one no longer wants to be considered responsible for an action or policy that one does not have control over. 50. To work one’s fingers to the bone is suggest that one’s fingers have been stripped of flesh from the exertion. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?What Is a Doctor?

An Australian MNC has subsidiaries in France, China, Canada, Turkey Essay

An Australian MNC has subsidiaries in France, China, Canada, Turkey and Vietnam, Indonesia and South Africa. With particular reference to legal, political, eco - Essay Example nent â€Å"down under† that expounds on European legacy with a democratically free market economy that just adopted economic reforms in 1980s contributing to its current robust economy. With a Western-style capitalist economy, output had risen beyond the internal needs so that raw materials and agricultural products lead the export sector of Australia. Low inflation, reforms and strong ties with countries like China coupled with conservative fiscal policies have maintained a very strong economy boasting of a $642.1. billion GDP purchasing power parity (CIA, 2006) and a 2.6 percent 2005 growth rate estimate. Australia’s GDP per capita is $32,000 as of 2005 (CIA, 2006). In order to necessitate different approaches to the establishment of an Australian multinational corporation’s (MNC) subsidiaries and their on-going operations in countries like France, China, Canada, Turkey, Vietnam, Indonesia and South Africa, various legal, political, economic and cultural issues must be addressed. Following are a country-per-country exploration on tackling business in consideration of the country’s environments, needs and other issues: Zitta Jewelries Corporation established in 1978 is one of the clienteles of Climax Mining Limited of Australia with vast connection and outlets all over the world, or among country capitals and major cities. Zitta either supplies raw materials such as gold, silver, copper, precious and semi-precious stones to jewelry manufacturers all over the world but they also distribute finished jewelry products, with their own exclusive jewelry shops in France, Canada, China, Turkey, South Africa, Vietnam and Indonesia. It employs about 350 persons all in all. Likewise, Zitta also outsource products from various countries especially where subsidiaries exist and leverage this products in all other outlets. Zitta both supplies raw materials to a subsidiary, or either source out raw materials from the subsidiary country when allowed. This way, each

Cinematic Piracy in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cinematic Piracy in China - Research Paper Example By mid 2000, global statistics estimated that China was the leading producer and promoter of counterfeit movies, music, and software in the world. Statistically, at least ninety one percent of China’s desktop computers have pirated origins (Pang, 2004). Sequentially, China registers the highest counterfeiting of entertainment products in a wide range. Moreover, the estimated value of these counterfeit goods lied between nineteen and twenty four billion in 2003. In China, the expertise at which piracy occurs presents a challenge in determining the counterfeit and the genuine intellectual property. In essence, intellectual property is the exclusive right and protection given to creations of the mind against duplication of the idea that is becomes ones asset. This paper will discuss why cinematic piracy has become so widely spread in China and present the alarming statistics at which this trend continues to surfice. Background information on cinematic piracy in China Cinematic pi racy involves both the act of production and buying illegal copies (Larkin, 2004). The pirated video compact discs (VCDs) and DVDs enter the distribution channels in China retailing at exceptionally low prices that end up affecting the anticipated profit margins. The sale of these productions is at cheaper prices to which the original film maker may never get a return on their investment. Surprisingly, Hollywood movies appear in fake forms in China streets, before their official launch into theaters. In other cases, the circulation of pirated movies in China begins a few days after the premier entry into theaters. Some cinematic pirates often make use of hand-held video cameras in theaters during a movie premier to capture the entire movie. A camera copy is the name given to the movies produced in this manner. The picture quality is relatively of inferior aspects hence making the product undesirable. Many vendors of these pirated copies dupe the public in to buying them without actu ally communicating on the quality of the copies. However, the buyers of these products serve as equal accomplices in to this crime because they buy cheaply. These offenders then proceed to make copies in Asia, and in a few days, they gain entry into the market. Other copyright offenders rely on quality screeners in order to produce copies of Hollywood movies. Sometimes the copies come out in a quality that is easily confused with the original. The question that lingers on the minds of many innovators of products is whether China will seize from being an imitator or will it be an innovator by itself. In essence, China has embraced both of these traits in that it is an innovator and pirate of intellectual intelligence. Effects of cinematic piracy On the contrary, piracy may serve as deterrence to much needed innovativeness, but has not been the case for China. This is because China does not protect the right to accrue profits from copyrighted material hence diminishing the urge to cre ate and be innovative (Beam, 2012). The secret lies in the ability to toy with the consumers mind for them into believing that a pirated product is the same as the original product. This is irrespective of the name change and minimal alteration to the original name. Ironically, the market tends to think that the product remains same in terms of quality, but they are not because of their counterfeit nature. Funny enough, market

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Global Warming - Essay Example Scientific reports claim that the very origin of global warming was somewhere in mid-20th century. They argue that that during and around 1970s, environmental degradation was on the rise. The rise in degradation resulted in huge concentration of carbon in the atmosphere which eventually rose into a universal issue. With different agencies and organizations such as United Nations Environmental Program and Intergovernmental for Climate Change all scrambling for the publicity brought about by global warming, the issue soon scaled to an international problem. Skeptical science, however, disagrees with this claim, arguing that environmental degradation and global warming are natural and can only be stopped through natural practices.Scientific reports claim that the very origin of global warming was somewhere in mid-20th century. They argue that that during and around 1970s, environmental degradation was on the rise. The rise in degradation resulted in huge concentration of carbon in the a tmosphere which eventually rose into a universal issue. With different agencies and organizations such as United Nations Environmental Program and Intergovernmental for Climate Change all scrambling for the publicity brought about by global warming, the issue soon scaled to an international problem. Skeptical science, however, disagrees with this claim, arguing that environmental degradation and global warming are natural and can only be stopped through natural practices.   Media, organizations and agencies use conflicting ideas. The conflicting ideas merge into one to create a problem. Giving different data about the same information all from reputable sources, for instance stirs restlessness. People tend to look for more information in this case. In the midst of the confusion of looking for a new idea, people easily believe whatever is talked more about and that has direct effects on them. For instance, as the IPCC report 2013 claim that global warming reduced amicably, skeptica l science argues that the decade between 2000 to2009 was the hottest. People believed IPCC since the arguments from skeptical science did not directly affect their health.Global warming can just be an avenue through which the whole environmentalists strive to keep standard environmental conditions.  

The scope and limitations of Reiss text typology

The scope and limitations of Reiss text typology Reiss translation-oriented text-typology provides a systematic approach to translation. More interestingly, it approaches translation at the text level. This essay will examine Reiss typology with focus on Parting the Waters, published in National Geographic, a monthly magazine that borders on science, geography, history and culture. REISS TEXT-TYPOLOGY Reiss sees translation as an act of communication whereby the translator acts as a medium (secondary sender). This presupposes that a message has to be passed across, from a primary source to a target receiver. The major media are the source language and the target language. The aim here is to produce a target language text that is functionally equivalent to the source language text (Reiss 2000:160). This means the source text should be the consultative point for the translator. In order to achieve this functional equivalence, Reiss proposes a functional approach of text-typology. This approach takes into account the major communicative function of a source text as a basis for translating into the target text. In other words, a target text that does not have the same function as the source text is not entirely a translation, but what Reiss calls transfer. Reiss text-typology includes a two-phase approach in translating a text: Phase of analysis and phase of reverbalization. The analy sis phase basically involves establishing the text type, genre and style (linguistic form).The phase of analysis is the most important as that is what would inform the translation method to employ. Text-type of Parting the Waters Reiss identifies three text-types according to their communicative function namely: the informative type (communication of content), the expressive type (communication of artistically organised content) and the operative type (communication of content with a persuasive character). There is another hyper-type which she calls the audio-medial text type. This is more of a super-ordinate term for the other three and does not concern the text in question since it is a written text. Parting the Waters can be seen chiefly as an informative text type; first given the context of the text: magazine and second because it gives factual information about a place: Korea, and the geographical events that take place there. The translation strategy recommended in this case by Reiss should thus focus on conveying content. Text variety of Parting the Waters This stage has to do with the conventions of structure and language adopted by the text. However, Reiss explains that they may differ according to different cultures. The importance of this is to be able to find a functionally equivalent convention in the target text culture. In this light, Parting the Waters is a kind of popular scientific text. This suggests also that it seeks a wider audience other than scientists. This leads to the final stage of analysis: style. Style in Parting the Waters The final stage of analysis has to do with detailed semantic, syntactic and pragmatic analysis of the language use (Reiss, 2000:166). Ordinarily, one would expect that when a text is an informative type, even the language used should be such that it is aimed only at giving facts. But that is often not the case, as Reiss herself admits, not in one single language do form and function show a 1:1 relation (2000:166). Hence, looking at the text, one would find a similar occurrence. The text has expressive language such as the internal rhymes: tides, divine, divide; of 15 feet. There is also an allusion to a biblical story: not divine interventions, an expression that answers the presupposition in the title itself Parting the Waters. Reiss thus considers this stage of analysis the most important, as the translator is faced with a decisive battle on what would inform the translation: the language or the function of the text. At this point, Reiss posits that if using an equivalent language style may weigh on the content of the text, then the translator should stick to the predominant function of the text. Translating Parting the Waters to Yorà ¹bà ¡: limitations Taking into consideration the content-focused function of the text, the translator is expected to employ a method that would achieve the same function as that of the target text by translating according to the sense and meaning (Reiss 2000:167). This suggests that the meaning conveyed by the target text should be equivalent to the meaning in the source text. Being a popular science text, and specifically about geography, Parting the Waters has terms such as peninsula, southwestern, mile, width, feet, and spring. While some of them might have some kind of equivalence (i.e. peninsula, mile width), a climatic description like spring poses a problem because Yorà ¹bà ¡ neither has a word nor group of words for it. This is basically due to the different weather conditions. The question is: what should the translator convey here? This is important because spring as used in the text plays a major role in the content; by telling us when an event takes place. The only alternative here would be to replace the word with the time of the year this season occurs in Korea. The problem with this is that it might change the meaning, as the sense of season is different from the calendar year. To solve this translation problem, the translator could adopt Nidas gloss translation of formal equivalence, that is, the use of footnotes in order to make the text fully comprehensible (Nida 2000:129). What this means is that Reiss method is not sufficient to solve this translation problem. The expression divine interventions in the text makes allusion to a biblical story about the Red Sea. This could be because the author had a target audience in mind and presumes they know about the story in the Bible. Although this can also be linked to the use of expressive language, it is however difficult to ignore the fact that this type of language use plays a role in the text- to maintain the interest of the reader. If the original audience for the source text were specialists, there is doubt as to whether expressive language would have been used at all, since all that would be needed are facts. The question is whether or not to include it in the translation. The answer to this is dependent on another question: who are the audience? Sacrificing the expressive form might change the text to an entirely scientific or historic one. This means a different readership, as it may not appeal to a common reader. The problem here is that Reiss method overlooks the fact there is an address ee for even an informative text type. She acknowledges this only in the text variety stage. However, communication itself is not complete without a receiver, in this case the readers. The title, Parting the Waters, also draws attention. It first makes the reader think of the biblical story of the Red Sea, and then makes a reader assume that is what the text is about. But this effect can only be achieved based on a shared knowledge between the author and the reader about the biblical story of the Red Sea. This assumption too must have been informed by the fact that the author had an audience in mind. However, the author quickly attends to this curiosity and possible misconception by the following opening sentence Tides, not divine interventions, divide Unfortunately, the target language (Yorà ¹bà ¡) audience is a mixture of different religions. In this text the title performs an expressive function, but that is not to say its predominant function is expressive. Since it is an informative text, one would expect again that the title would be informed by the major content being conveyed. But this is not the case. Moreover, attractive titles seem to be a common featu re of this genre. This is also a common feature of Yorà ¹bà ¡ magazines (Salawu 2004:100). The question here is: since content is the aim, should the target title be informed by the content alone and leave the use of expressive language? This of course is possible, as Reiss already advises on ignoring such language use especially if it will weigh on the content. Thus the translation can simply have à pa-Õnà   Ã’kun Korea which means The Path between Korean Waters. The consequence of this however is that it might not appeal to the wider audience except a few, specialists. This brings up again the question: who are the audience? Reiss considers this an appropriate factor only when the function of the target text is different from the source text (Reiss 2000:170). What her typology fails to recognise is that both source and target texts can have the same function (as in the case of Parting the Waters) but different addressees. CONCLUSION While Reiss translation-oriented text-typology provides a systematic method of approaching a translation task, it does not provide a complete solution to some problems in English to Yorà ¹bà ¡ translation of Parting the Waters. This suggests that it is not absolute that a text function will provide a translation strategy. Fawcett (1997: 107) makes this same point: There is simply no necessary link between text function and translation strategy. Just because we have identified a text functiondoes not mean that we are led inexorably to any logical or translation-scientific imperative to take this function as an overriding parameter to which we subordinate our translation decisions. (Fawcett 1997, p.107) This further suggests that other translation theories are valid and useful to the extent to which they proffer a solution to a translation problem.

Poor Qulity in the Home Construction Market :: Residential Housing Real Estate

With low finance rates more Americans are purchasing homes than ever before, but the quality of these mass constructed homes is dropping. Imagine breaking your back for ten years to save up for your first home and losing it all and more because your home fell victim to a fire. This is a common example of what may happen when a house is poorly constructed. Home builders are disregarding the much needed safety regulations when calculating their budgets. In the construction business time is money, and when time is an issue sacrifices are often made. It is these sacrifices that are lowering the standards of building within the home-building industry, costing Americans millions annually due to property losses and repair costs. Foundations are cracking due to poor engineering and rushed pouring processes, and homes are burning as if they were mere piles of kindling due to faulty wiring and the disregard of general fire precaution. A problem that has become increasingly more prevalent the l ast couple of years is the loss of property due to natural disasters. Regulations and guidelines have been developed and introduced into the construction industry to aid in preventing the destruction of homes in such a crisis. The devastation these natural disasters may cause accounts for billions annually but can drastically be reduced with stricter enforcement of precautionary measures outlined in construction regulation codes. Who should be held accountable? Maybe we should penalize the construction companies for ignoring what may seem like insignificant precautionary measures in order to complete projects on time and within budget. Or should we turn to the bigger picture and question the state or national level regulation agencies for their slacking enforcement and infrequent development of these imperative regulatory codes? Where ever the problem originates from, it needs to be resolved before the appeal of being an American homeowner loses its prestige. More importantly, homeo wners are at a financial and physical risk because safety and quality control has lost its priority. Purchasing a home is many times one of the most important investments a person or family may encounter. Most commonly homes are financed over periods ranging from ten to twenty years, but in some cases this is ample time for the integrity of poorly constructed homes to deteriorate beyond repair. This raises much concern within state regulatory agencies that overlook the lacking quality in thousands of homes built annually. Agencies such as the Texas Department of Regulation and Licensing and OSHA provide strict guidelines covering many different aspects of construction in order to insure quality and safety throughout the industry.

The Happiest Experience in My Life

I have gained many experiences . There were good and bad experiences . All these experiences have made me more matured and wiser . The most exiting experience I gained was when my father brought my family to Egypt to further his studies . We lived there for six years. During our stay in Egypt, there were many happy experiences. When I arrived in Egypt ,I was seven years old and I couldn’t speak even a word of Arabic . My mother comforted me by saying everything was going to be alright and I would able to assimilate . My father sent me and my siblings to school everyday in our first and second year there . My school was just a walking distance from my home, but we had to cross a busy road . It took us about fifteen minutes to reach the school. My siblings and I went to school without any knowledge of the Arabic language . The first day in school was a miserable day . Everything was different . I could not communicate as I could not undestand Arabic . The girls were friendly but some of them were rough and tough . My first week of school was filled with tears as I was always being bullied by them . As the day passed and my Arabic got bhetter ,the girls who always bullied me became my best friends . There were three of them , Yasmin , Heba and Nada . Actually they were all very kind . We were in the same class from year one to year five . The three girls were very clever ,they easily got full mark or 98% marks for their Mathematics and Arabic language ,but not me . Most Egyptian students work really hard in their studies . I found it difficult to compete . On our third until sixth year in Egypt,my siblings and I went to school by bus . It was also the most exiting experience . The bus was cramped with students ; all like sardines in a tin . Vis was transported back into time when the pharoahs of Egypt ruled the land . The pyramids were enormous and certainly deserved being crowned as one of the seven wonders of the world . The green sea and huge waves of the Maditerranean sea felt like heaven on earth . It was such bliss to be building sandcastles on the white sand . Living in Egypt for six years was really wonderful . Each holiday was spent visiting historical sites and places around Egypt . We have even been to the top of mount Sinai to witness the rise of the morning sun . The view was spectacular and humbling. The beauty of the moment will forever be etched like a drawing in my mind . I will always remember the six years I spent in Egypt fondly in my mind . The moments were the best I ever experienced and I will always treasure them .

Nelson Mandela’s Leadership Essay

In a racially divided South Africa, Nelson Mandela emerged as a great leader. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) to lead a movement whose main goal is to eradicate apartheid. (Racial separation). He promoted peaceful protests to meet that goal; however, when the ruling party banned the ANC, he set a military wing within the ANC to take the resistance against the Apartheid to a new level where he had no choice other than using violence. His actions landed him in prison for nearly three decades. He led secret negotiations with the ruling party while he was in prison aimed at dismantling the apartheid policies. Such negotiations, which resulted in his release in 1990, went on years later to bring an end to Apartheid. In 1994, he became the first black president of South Africa, forming a multiethnic government to oversee the country’s transition to a new era of democracy (1). In 1999, he decided to retire from politics, but has not retired yet from promoting peace and social justice in South Africa as well as around the world. So, Nelson Mandela stood out as a great leader due to his leadership styles, his charismatic leadership, ethical leadership and his leadership power. Leadership attitudes and styles of Nelson Mandela: Nelson Mandela developed â€Å"a strong relationship-oriented behavior, which contributed to his participative leadership style† (2). He learned from his guardian, when he was observing him presiding over tribal meetings, to listen to all sides of argument before venturing his opinion. It was his firsthand experience of how to lead from behind (9). He always remembers the regent’s axiom. He said:† A leader is like a shepherd. He stays behind the flock, letting the most nimble go out ahead, whereupon the others follow, not realizing that all along they are being directed from behind.†(Long walk to freedom3). Mandela’s leadership success is attributed to his use of consensus. He inspired his followers and gained their commitment to fight in the sake of abolishing apartheid when he was the leader of the ANC. He used the same participative leadership as president by forming a multiethnic government that includes the people who tortured him for 27 years. Throughout his battle against apartheid and helping to bring democracy to South Africa, Mandela adopted a democratic leadership style. According to  Johnson and Johnson (2006), â€Å"Democratic leaders set policies through group discussion and decision, encouraging and helping group members to interact, requesting the cooperation of others† (4). Mandela believed in the value of the democratic process, even though he did not always initially agree with the results. Some of his unsuccessful pursuits included when he tried during his imprisonment to have prisoners addressed more respectfully by guards, and later when he attempted to have the national voting age lowered to 14 (4). Charismatic leadership: Nelson Mandela influential power stems largely from his charismatic leadership characterized by a compelling vision for the future, his willingness to take a risk for the sake of the well-being of his country, and the sense of forgiveness he demonstrated towards his enemy. Nelson Mandela was a visionary leader who articulated an idealized vision of a future that is significantly better than the present. He envisioned a South Africa where apartheid would finally abolished and everyone should live without worrying to be discriminated against based on race or color. It was this vision of a free and democratic South Africa that sustained him through the darkest days in prison. The same vision has changed the governance in South Africa and made him the first black president of South Africa. Due to the same vision South Africa became the first African country to host the world soccer cup in 2010. He inspired people by his courage and passion. Mandela knew that the risk he was taking was enormous, and the consequences could be devastating to him as well to the well-being of his family. He took the risk of setting a military wing within the ANC to combat the oppressive regime knowing that he will be the first one that the ruling party would target After becoming a president in 1994, he decided to forgive the people who tortured him for nearly three decades. Through this act, he demonstrated the the kind of charismatic qualities he possessed. . Mandela acquired the respect and love of many citizens upon his release from prison, as it was inspiring to the nation that someone could â€Å"emerge from such hardship and humiliation and talk of forgiveness and reconciliation with the enemies who caused†¦suffering† (5). He used his servant leadership style to promote peace outside South Africa; he promoted reconciliation over retaliation to pave the way for progress and prosperity in the neighboring African countries. (6) Ethical leadership Mandela had strong ethical values through having a heart and soul of leadership by consistently promoting peaceful protests rather resorting to violence. From an early age, he was inspired to study law with the intention of defending black South Africans against the ruling party’s unfair treatment. Nelson Mandela as a lawyer voluntarily represented many detainees under the ANC. (Denenberg, 1995). (7) Leadership power Specialized skills and knowledge gave Mandela expert power to be an influential figure. He graduated with law degree and huge political experiences gained when he was the leader of ANC. He utilized his knowledge to communicate with others prisoners who viewed him as a reference for any course of action within the prison such as hunger strike to get better living conditions.(8) Also, Mandela inspired his followers by utilizing referent power, which was closely linked to his traits of trustworthiness and integrity. With his own lofty personality of charismatic leader, skills and knowledge, Mandela become a famous figure, which brought him a â€Å"prestige power† that he uses to promote social justice all over the world such as raising charities to overcome the poverty. Conclusion: Nelson Mandela lived up to his quotation when he said: â€Å"it is better to lead from behind and to put others in front, especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You take the front line when there is a danger. Then people will appreciate your leadership†. It’s clear that Mandela stood in favor of involving his followers in the decision making process. He was always endeavored to listen to what each person has to say before he gives his opinion, which is often a consensus of what he heard in the conversation. That’s how he led from behind. He took the front and put his life as well as the life of his family at risk to free the black South African from the oppression of a white minority regime. Because he understood that unless that risk is taken, the unfair treatment against the native South African will continue forever. Works Cited 5- Bill Clinton & Archbishop Desmond TuTu, 2006, Mandela: The authorized portrait, Andrews Mcmeel Publishing, Kansas City 1-Denenberg, Barry. Nelson Mandela: No easy walk to freedom. New York: Scholastic Inc, 2005. Print. 6- Denenberg, Barry. Nelson Mandela: No easy walk to freedom. New York: Scholastic Inc, 2005. Print 3-Johnson, D.W., & Johnson, F.P. (2006). Joining together group theory and group skills (9th Ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. 8-le, thai. â€Å"leadership style: Nelson Mandela Vs. Adolf Hitler†. Articlecell. Articlecell,n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. 7-Mandela, N (1965) No Easy Walk to Freedom. Penguin Books Ltd, London, England. 2-â€Å"Nelson Mandela – Biography†. Nobelprize.org. 27 Mar 2013 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/mandela-bio.html 4-Stengel, Richard. â€Å"Mandela: His 8 Lessons of leadership†.Time.com. â€Å"N.p.† 09 July.2008.Web. 25 Mar. 2013.